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151. Spectral models for binary products
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/615/A78
Title:
Spectral models for binary products
Short Name:
J/A+A/615/A78
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Stars stripped of their hydrogen-rich envelope through interaction with a binary companion are generally not considered when accounting for ionizing radiation from stellar populations, despite the expectation that stripped stars emit hard ionizing radiation, form frequently, and live 10-100 times longer than single massive stars. We compute the first grid of evolutionary and spectral models specially made for stars stripped in binaries for a range of progenitor masses (2-20M_{sun}_) and metallicities ranging from solar to values representative for pop II stars. For stripped stars with masses in the range 0.3-7M_{sun}_, we find consistently high effective temperatures (20000-100000K, increasing with mass), small radii (0.2-1R_{sun}_), and high bolometric luminosities, comparable to that of their progenitor before stripping. The spectra show a continuous sequence that naturally bridges subdwarf-type stars at the low-mass end and Wolf-Rayet-like spectra at the high-mass end. For intermediate masses we find hybrid spectral classes showing a mixture of absorption and emission lines. These appear for stars with mass-loss rates of 10^-8^-10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr, which have semi-transparent atmospheres. At low metallicity, substantial hydrogen-rich layers are left at the surface and we predict spectra that resemble O-type stars instead. We obtain spectra undistinguishable from subdwarfs for stripped stars with masses up to 1.7M_{sun}_, which questions whether the widely adopted canonical value of 0.47M_{sun}_ is uniformly valid. Only a handful of stripped stars of intermediate mass have currently been identified observationally. Increasing this sample will provide necessary tests for the physics of interaction, internal mixing, and stellar winds. We use our model spectra to investigate the feasibility to detect stripped stars next to an optically bright companion and recommend systematic searches for their UV excess and possible emission lines, most notably HeII {lambda}4686 in the optical and HeII {lambda}1640 in the UV. Our models are publicly available for further investigations or inclusion in spectral synthesis simulations.
152. Spectra of Earth-like planets around M-dwarfs
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A49
Title:
Spectra of Earth-like planets around M-dwarfs
Short Name:
J/A+A/624/A49
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The characterisation of the atmosphere of exoplanets is one of the main goals of exoplanet science in the coming decades. We investigate the detectability of atmospheric spectral features of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone (HZ) around M dwarfs with the future James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We used a coupled 1D climate-chemistry-model to simulate the influence of a range of observed and modelled M-dwarf spectra on Earth-like planets. The simulated atmospheres served as input for the calculation of the transmission spectra of the hypothetical planets, using a line-by-line spectral radiative transfer model. To investigate the spectroscopic detectability of absorption bands with JWST we further developed a signal- to-noise ratio (S/N) model and applied it to our transmission spectra. High abundances of methane (CH_4_) and water (H_2_O) in the atmosphere of Earth-like planets around mid to late M dwarfs increase the detectability of the corresponding spectral features compared to early M-dwarf planets. Increased temperatures in the middle atmosphere of mid- to late-type M-dwarf planets expand the atmosphere and further increase the detectability of absorption bands. To detect CH_4_, H_2_O, and carbon dioxide (CO_2_) in the atmosphere of an Earth-like planet around a mid to late M dwarf observing only one transit with JWST could be enough up to a distance of 4pc and less than ten transits up to a distance of 10pc. As a consequence of saturation limits of JWST and less pronounced absorption bands, the detection of spectral features of hypothetical Earth-like planets around most early M dwarfs would require more than ten transits. We identify 276 existing M dwarfs (including GJ 1132, TRAPPIST-1, GJ 1214, and LHS 1140) around which atmospheric absorption features of hypothetical Earth-like planets could be detected by co-adding just a few transits. The TESS satellite will likely find new transiting terrestrial planets within 15pc from the Earth. We show that using transmission spectroscopy, JWST could provide enough precision to be able to partly characterise the atmosphere of TESS findings with an Earth-like composition around mid to late M dwarfs.
153. Spectroscopic atlas of HD175640
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/425/263
Title:
Spectroscopic atlas of HD175640
Short Name:
J/A+A/425/263
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a high resolution spectral atlas of the HgMn star HD 175640 covering the 3040-10000{AA} region. UVES spectra observed with 90000-110000 resolving power and signal to noise ratio ranging from 200 to 400 are compared with a synthetic spectrum computed with the SYNTHE code (Kurucz, 1993, CD-ROM, No. 18). The model atmosphere is an ATLAS12 model (Kurucz, 1997, in The 3rd Conf. on Faint Blue Stars, ed. Philip, Liebert & Saffer (Schenectady: L. Davis Press), 33) with parameters Teff=12000K,logg=3.95, vturb=0km/s. The stellar individual abundances in ATLAS12 were derived from an iterative procedure. The starting atomic line lists downloaded from the Kurucz website have been improved and extended by examining different sources in the literature and by comparing the computed profiles with the observed spectrum. The high quality of the data allowed us to study the isotopic and hyperfine structure for several lines of Mn II, Ga II, Ba II, Pt II, Hg I, and Hg II. Numerous weak emission lines from Cr II and Ti II have been identified in the red part of the spectrum, starting at about 5847{AA}. Two emission lines of C I (mult. 10, mult. 9) have been observed for the first time. All Cr II and Ti II emission lines originate from the high excitation states (Elow>89000cm^-1^ for Cr II and Elow>62000cm^-1^ for Ti II) with large transition probabilities (loggf>-1.00). The synthetic spectrum superimposed on the observed spectrum are available at http://wwwuser.oat.ts.astro.it/castelli/stars.html . An extended discussion on each identified ion and related atomic data is available both in the quoted website and in an electronic Appendix to the paper.
154. Spectroscopy of hot stars in the halo
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/117/2308
Title:
Spectroscopy of hot stars in the halo
Short Name:
J/AJ/117/2308
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We discuss a spectroscopic and photometric technique that enables the identification and classification of field horizontal-branch (FHB) and other A-type stars, even from relatively low signal-to-noise ratio medium-resolution spectra. This technique makes use of broadband UBV colors predicted from model atmosphere calculations and Balmer line profiles and Ca II K equivalent widths determined from synthetic spectra to estimate the physical parameters T_eff_, log(g), and [Fe/H] for stars in the effective temperature range 6000 - 10,000 K.
155. Spectrum interpolator for the ELODIE library
ID:
ivo://obs-lyon.fr/elodie/interp
Title:
Spectrum interpolator for the ELODIE library
Short Name:
ELODIEinterp
Date:
15 Apr 2008 20:18:49
Publisher:
Observatoire de Lyon
Description:
The ELODIE interpolator is a service buil on top of the ELODIE library to generate a spectrum given the atmospheric parameters: Teff, log(g) and [Fe/H]. The typical usage of this function is to generate a grid of atmospheric spectra for a set of parameters in order to feed a population synthesis program. The grid used for the PEGASE.HR program has been generated with this method. The program is based on a method described in Prugniel & Soubiran (2001) and uses the version of the stellar library presented in Prugniel & Soubiran (2004). The service responds to the metadata and data requests defined in VOspec for theoretical spectra access (called TSA). A normal SSA positional search will return an empty result.
156. Spectrum of {epsilon} Eri
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/361/1102
Title:
Spectrum of {epsilon} Eri
Short Name:
J/MNRAS/361/1102
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Measurements of ultraviolet line fluxes from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spectra of the K2-dwarf eps Eri are reported. These are used to develop new emission measure distributions and semi-empirical atmospheric models for the chromosphere and lower transition region of the star. These models are the most detailed constructed to date for a main-sequence star other than the Sun. New ionization balance calculations, which account for the effect of finite density on dielectronic recombination rates, are presented for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and silicon. The results of these calculations are significantly different from the standard Arnaud & Rothenflug ion balance, particularly for alkali-like ions. The new atmospheric models are used to place constraints on possible first ionization potential (FIP)-related abundance variations in the lower atmosphere and to discuss limitations of single-component models for the interpretation of certain optically thick line fluxes.
157. STAGGER-grid of 3D stellar models. I.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/557/A26
Title:
STAGGER-grid of 3D stellar models. I.
Short Name:
J/A+A/557/A26
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the STAGGER-grid, a comprehensive grid of time-dependent, three-dimensional (3D), hydrodynamic model atmospheres for late-type stars with realistic treatment of radiative transfer, covering a wide range in stellar parameters. All our models were generated with the Stagger-code, using realistic input physics for the equation of state (EOS) and for continuous and line opacities. Our ~220 grid models range in effective temperature, Teff, from 4000 to 7000K in steps of 500K, in surface gravity, logg, from 1.5 to 5.0 in steps of 0.5dex, and metallicity, [Fe/H], from -4.0 to +0.5 in steps of 0.5 and 1.0dex.
158. STAGGER-grid of 3D stellar models. II.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/560/A8
Title:
STAGGER-grid of 3D stellar models. II.
Short Name:
J/A+A/560/A8
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We study the implications of averaging methods with different reference depth scales for 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres computed with the Stagger-code. The temporally and spatially averaged (hereafter denoted as <3D>) models are explored in the light of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) spectral line formation by comparing spectrum calculations using full 3D atmosphere structures with those from <3D> averages. We explored methods for computing mean <3D> stratifications from the Stagger-grid time-dependent 3D radiative hydrodynamical atmosphere models by considering four different reference depth scales (geometrical depth, column-mass density, and two optical depth scales). Furthermore, we investigated the influence of alternative averages (logarithmic, enforced hydrostatic equilibrium, flux-weighted temperatures). For the line formation we computed curves of growth for FeI and FeII lines in LTE.
159. STAGGER-grid of 3D stellar models. III.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/573/A89
Title:
STAGGER-grid of 3D stellar models. III.
Short Name:
J/A+A/573/A89
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We investigate the relation between 1D atmosphere models that rely on the mixing length theory and models based on full 3D radiative hydrodynamic (RHD) calculations to describe convection in the envelopes of late-type stars. The adiabatic entropy value of the deep convection zone, s_bot_, and the entropy jump, {Delta}s, determined from the 3D RHD models, are matched with the mixing length parameter, {alpha}_MLT_, from 1D hydrostatic atmosphere models with identical microphysics (opacities and equation-of-state). We also derive the mass mixing length, {alpha}_m_, and the vertical correlation length of the vertical velocity, C[V_z_,V_z_], directly from the 3D hydrodynamical simulations of stellar subsurface convection.
160. STAGGER-grid of 3D stellar models. IV.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/573/A90
Title:
STAGGER-grid of 3D stellar models. IV.
Short Name:
J/A+A/573/A90
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We compute the emergent stellar spectra from the UV to far infrared for different viewing angles using realistic 3D model atmospheres for a large range in stellar parameters to predict the stellar limb darkening. We have computed full 3D LTE synthetic spectra based on 3D radiative hydrodynamic atmosphere models from the Stagger-grid in the ranges: Teff from 4000 to 7000K, logg from 1.5 to 5.0, and [Fe/H], from -4.0 to +0.5. From the resulting intensities at different wavelength, we derived coefficients for the standard limb darkening laws considering a number of often-used photometric filters. Furthermore, we calculated theoretical transit light curves, in order to quantify the differences between predictions by the widely used 1D model atmosphere and our 3D models.