- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/403/1089
- Title:
- SUNS and DEBRIS surveys target selection
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/403/1089
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Debris discs - analogous to the asteroid and Kuiper-Edgeworth belts in the Solar system - have so far mostly been identified and studied in thermal emission shortward of 100um. The Herschel space observatory and the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array-2 (SCUBA-2) camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope will allow efficient photometric surveying at 70 to 850um, which allows for the detection of cooler discs not yet discovered, and the measurement of disc masses and temperatures when combined with shorter wavelength photometry. The SCUBA-2 Unbiased Nearby Stars survey (SUNS) and the Disc Emission via a Bias-free Reconnaissance in the Infrared/Submillimetre (DEBRIS) Herschel Open Time Key Project are complementary legacy surveys observing samples of ~500 nearby stellar systems. To maximize the legacy value of these surveys, great care has gone into the target selection process. This paper describes the target selection process and presents the target lists of these two surveys.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A78
- Title:
- Sunspot area catalogue revisited (1874-2019)
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/640/A78
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Long and consistent sunspot area records are important for understanding long-term solar activity and variability. Multiple observatories around the globe have regularly recorded sunspot areas, but such individual records only cover restricted periods of time. Furthermore, there are systematic differences between these records and require cross-calibration before they can reliably be used for further studies. We produce a cross-calibrated and homogeneous record of total daily sunspot areas, both projected and corrected, covering the period between 1874 and 2019. In addition, we generated a catalog of calibrated individual group areas for the same period. We compared the data from nine archives: Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO), Kislovodsk, Pulkovo, Debrecen, Kodaikanal, Solar Optical Observing Network (SOON), Rome, Catania, and Yunnan Observatories, covering the period between 1874 and 2019. Cross-comparisons of the individual records were done to produce homogeneous and inter-calibrated records of daily projected and corrected areas. As in earlier studies, the basis of the composite is formed by the data from RGO. After 1976, the only datasets used are those from Kislovodsk, Pulkovo, and Debrecen observatories. This choice was made based on the temporal coverage and the quality of the data. While there are still 776 days missing in the final composite, these remaining gaps could not be filled with data from the other archives as the missing days lie either before 1922 or after 2016 and none of the additional archives cover these periods. In contrast to the SOON data used in previous area composites for the post-RGO period, the properties of the data from Kislovodsk and Pulkovo are very similar to those from the RGO series. They also directly overlap the RGO data in time, which makes their cross-calibration with RGO much more reliable. Indeed, comparing our area catalog with previous such composites, we find improvements both in data quality and coverage. We also computed the daily Photometric Sunspot Index, which is widely used, for example, in empirical reconstructions of solar irradiance.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/584/A73
- Title:
- Sunspot areas and tilt angles
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/584/A73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Extending the knowledge about the properties of solar cycles into the past is essential for understanding the solar dynamo. This paper aims to estimate areas of sunspots observed by Schwabe in 1825-1867 and to calculate the tilt angles of sunspot groups. The sunspot sizes in Schwabe's drawings are not to scale and need to be converted into physical sunspot areas. We employed a statistical approach assuming that the area distribution of sunspots was the same in the 19th century as it was in the 20th century.
21064. Sunspot on 1921-2011
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/601/A106
- Title:
- Sunspot on 1921-2011
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/601/A106
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Long-term sunspot observations are key to understanding and predicting the solar activities and its effects on space weather. Consistent observations, which are crucial for long-term variations studies, are generally not available due to upgradation/modification of observatories over the course of time. We present data for a period of 90 yr acquired from persistent observation at the Kodaikanal observatory in India. We aim to build a uniform sunspot area time series along with their positions for a 90-yr period between 1921 and 2011, as obtained from the newly digitized and calibrated white-light images from the Kodaikanal observatory. Our aim is to compare this new time series with known sources and confirm some of the earlier reported results with additional new aspects. We use an advanced semi-automated algorithm to detect the sunspots form each calibrated white-light image. Area, longitude and latitude of each of the detected sunspots are derived. Implementation of a semi-automated method is extremely necessary in such studies as it minimizes the human bias in the detection procedure. Daily, monthly, and yearly sunspot area variations, obtained from the Kodaikanal, compared well with the Greenwich sunspot area data. We find an exponentially decaying distribution for the individual sunspot area for each of the solar cycles. Analyzing the histograms of the latitudinal distribution of the detected sunspots, we find Gaussian distributions, in both the hemispheres, with centers at ~15{deg} latitude. The height of the Gaussian distributions are different for the two hemispheres for a particular cycle. Using our data, we show clear presence of Waldmeier effect, which correlates the rise time with the cycle amplitude. Using the wavelet analysis, we explored different periodicities on different time scales present in the sunspot area times series.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/627/A46
- Title:
- Sunspot penumbra and umbral flashes models
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/627/A46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The solar chromosphere and the lower transition region are believed to play a crucial role in the heating of the solar corona. Models that describe the chromosphere (and the lower transition region), accounting for its highly dynamic and structured character are, so far, found to be lacking. This is partly due to the breakdown of complete frequency redistribution (CRD) in the chromospheric layers and also because of the difficulty in obtaining complete sets of observations that adequately constrain the solar atmosphere at all relevant heights. We aim to obtain semi-empirical model atmospheres that reproduce the features of the MgII H & K line profiles that sample the middle chromosphere with focus on a sunspot. We used spectropolarimetric observations of the CaII 8542{AA} spectra obtained with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope and used NICOLE inversions to obtain semi-empirical model atmospheres for different features in and around a sunspot. These were used to synthesize MgII H & K spectra using the RH1.5D code, which we compared with observations taken with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Comparison of the synthetic profiles with IRIS observations reveals that there are several areas, especially in the penumbra of the sunspot, where most of the observed MgII H & K profiles are very well reproduced. In addition, we find that supersonic hot downflows, present in our collection of models in the umbra, lead to synthetic profiles that agree well with the IRIS MgII H & K profiles, with the exception of the line core. We put forward and make available four semi-empirical model atmospheres. Two for the penumbra, reflecting the range of temperatures obtained for the chromosphere, one for umbral flashes, and a model representative of the quiet surroundings of a sunspot. These are available in electronic as well as in table formats.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VI/138
- Title:
- Sunspots catalogues, 1853-1870
- Short Name:
- VI/138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the 19th century, several astronomers observed sunspots obtaining their positions and, occasionaly, their areas. These observations were published in large tables that have remained in the anonymity until now. The observations made by Richard C. Carrington, Christian H. F. Peters and Warren de la Rue (and their respective collaborators) were published in different articles. The total number of positions evaluated by these three observers was of 26,641 (Carrington: 4,900; Peters: 14,040; and de la Rue: 7,701). In this work, we transformed more of 400 pages of numerical tables to a machine readable format. Moreover, we carried out a cursory analysis to detect possible mistakes in the reading or in the original transcription.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/A21
- Title:
- Sun UV spectrum (06/06/2008-26/04/2009)
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/A21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The SOLar SPECtrum (SOLSPEC) experiment is part of the Solar Monitoring Observatory (SOLAR) payload, and has been externally mounted on the Columbus module of the International Space Station (ISS) since 2008. SOLAR/SOLSPEC combines three absolutely calibrated double monochromators with concave gratings for measuring the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) from 166nm to 3088nm. This physical quantity is a key input for studies of climatology, planetary atmospheres, and solar physics. A general description of the instrument is given, including in-flight operations and performance of the ultraviolet (UV) channel from 175nm to 340nm. We developed a range of processing and correction methods, which are described in detail. For example, methods for correcting thermal behavior effects, instrument linearity, and especially the accuracy of the wavelength and absolute radiometric scales have been validated by modeling the standard uncertainties. The deliverable is a quiet Sun UV reference solar spectrum as measured by SOLAR/SOLSPEC during the minimum of solar activity prior to cycle 24. Comparisons with other instruments measuring SSI are also presented.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/617/A108
- Title:
- Sun velocities from GOLF instrument
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/617/A108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The recent claims of g-mode detection have restarted the search for these potentially extremely important modes. These claims can be reassessed in view of the different data sets available from the SoHO instruments and ground-based instruments. We produce a new calibration of the GOLF data with a more consistent p-mode amplitude and a more consistent time shift correction compared to the time series used in the past. The calibration of 22 years of GOLF data is done with a simpler approach that uses only the predictive radial velocity of the SoHO spacecraft as a reference. Using p modes, we measure and correct the time shift between ground- and space-based instruments and the GOLF instrument. The p-mode velocity calibration is now consistent to within a few percent with other instruments. The remaining time shifts are within +/-5s for 99.8% of the time series.
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/sza31ghz
- Title:
- Sunyaev-Zeldovich Array 31-GHZ Radio Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- SZA31GHZ
- Date:
- 09 May 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains the first sample of 31-GHz selected sources to flux levels of 1 mJy. From late-2005 to mid-2007, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) observed 7.7 deg<sup>2</sup> of the sky at 31 GHz to a median rms of 0.18 mJy/beam. The authors identify 209 sources at greater than 5-sigma significance in the 31-GHz maps, ranging in flux from 0.7 mJy to ~200 mJy. Archival NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) data at 1.4 GHz and observations at 5 GHz with the Very Large Array are used to characterize the sources. The authors determine the maximum-likelihood integrated source count to be N(>S) = (27.2 +/- 2.5) deg<sup>-2</sup> * (S<sub>mJy</sub>)<sup>(-1.18 +/- 0.12)</sup> over the flux range 0.7 - 15 mJy. This result is significantly higher than predictions based on 1.4-GHz selected samples, a discrepancy which can be explained by a small shift in the spectral index distribution for faint 1.4-GHz sources. From comparison with previous measurements of sources within the central arcminute of massive clusters, the authors derive an overdensity of 6.8 +/- 4.4 deg<sup>-2</sup>, relative to field sources. The SZA is an interferometer designed specifically for detecting and imaging the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in galaxy clusters, and is located at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO). The SZA is equipped with an 8-GHz wideband correlator and sensitive 26GHZ-36GHz receivers. The data in the SZA survey correspond to 1493 tracks taken between 2005 November 13 and 2007 July 25. The data in the CMB anisotropy measurements correspond to an additional 414 tracks taken between 2005 November 12 and 2007 October 25. The analysis in this paper refers to the full 1907 tracks taken in both observing modes. To complement the NVSS and FIRST observations, the authors obtained high-sensitivity VLA observations at 5 GHz between 2007 February 24 and 2007 April 15. This table was created by the HEASARC in June 2102 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/716/521">CDS Catalog J/ApJ/716/521</a> file table3.dat. Some of the values for the name parameter in the HEASARC's implementation of this table were corrected in April 2018. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/376/1073
- Title:
- Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in galaxy clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/376/1073
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In a search for evidence of the short wavelength increment in the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, we have analysed archival galaxy cluster data from the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, resulting in the most complete pointed survey of clusters at 850{mu}m to date. SCUBA's 850{mu}m passband overlaps the peak of the SZ increment. The sample consists of 44 galaxy clusters in the range 0<z<1.3. Maps of each of the clusters have been made and sources have been extracted; as an ancillary product, we generate the most thorough galaxy cluster point source list yet from SCUBA. 17 of these clusters are free of obvious active galactic nuclei (AGN) and have data deep enough to provide interesting measurements of the expected SZ signal.
