- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/676/1281
- Title:
- L and T dwarfs in 2MASS/SDSS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/676/1281
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report new L and T dwarfs found in a cross-match of the SDSS Data Release 1 and 2MASS. Our simultaneous search of the two databases effectively allows us to relax the criteria for object detection in either survey and to explore the combined databases to a greater completeness level. We find two new T dwarfs in addition to the 13 already known in the SDSS DR1 footprint. We also identify 22 new candidate and bona fide L dwarfs, including a new young L2 dwarf and a peculiar potentially metal-poor L2 dwarf with unusually blue near-IR colors. These discoveries underscore the utility of simultaneous database cross-correlation in searching for rare objects.
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182. L and T dwarf stars
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/ARA+A/43.195
- Title:
- L and T dwarf stars
- Short Name:
- J/other/ARA+A/43
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The establishment of new spectral classes cooler than type M has had a brief, yet already rich, history. Prototypes of the new "L dwarf" and "T dwarf" classes were first found in the late 1980s to mid-1990s, with a flood of new discoveries occurring in the late 1990s with the advent of deep, large-area, digital sky surveys. Over four hundred and fifty L and T dwarfs are now catalogued. This review concentrates on the spectroscopic properties of these objects, beginning with the establishment of classification schemes rooted in the MK Process. The resulting grid of spectral types is then used as a tool to ferret out the underlying physics. The temperature ranges covered by these spectral types, the complex chemical processes responsible for the shape of their emergent spectra, their nature as either true stars or brown dwarfs, and their number density in the Galaxy are discussed. Two promising avenues for future research are also explored: the extension of the classification system to three dimensions to account for gravity- and metallicity-dependent features, and the capability of newer large-area surveys to uncover brown dwarfs cooler than those now recognized.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/102
- Title:
- LASSO; Robo-AO observation of 444 young stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/162/102
- Date:
- 14 Mar 2022 06:43:15
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results from the Large Adaptive optics Survey for Substellar Objects, where the goal is to directly image new substellar companions (<70M_Jup_) at wide orbital separations (>~50au) around young (<~300Myr), nearby (<100pc), low-mass (~0.1-0.8 M{odot}) stars. We report on 427 young stars imaged in the visible (i') and near-infrared (J or H ) simultaneously with Robo-AO on the Kitt Peak 2.1m telescope and later the Maunakea University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope. To undertake the observations, we commissioned a new infrared camera for Robo-AO that uses a low-noise high-speed SAPHIRA avalanche photodiode detector. We detected 121 companion candidates around 111 stars, of which 62 companions are physically associated based on Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motions, another 45 require follow-up observations to confirm physical association, and 14 are background objects. The companion separations range from 2 to 1101 au and reach contrast ratios of 7.7 mag in the near-infrared compared to the primary. The majority of confirmed and pending candidates are stellar companions, with ~5 being potentially substellar and requiring follow-up observations for confirmation. We also detected a 43{+/-}9 M_Jup_ and an 81{+/-}5M_Jup_ companion that were previously reported. We found 34 of our targets have acceleration measurements detected using Hipparcos-Gaia proper motions. Of those, 58_-14_^+12^% of the 12 stars with imaged companion candidates have significant accelerations ({chi}^2^>11.8), while only 23_-6_^+11^% of the remaining 22 stars with no detected companion have significant accelerations. The significance of the acceleration decreases with increasing companion separation. These young accelerating low-mass stars with companions will eventually yield dynamical masses with future orbit monitoring.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/153/92
- Title:
- Late-Type Extension to MoVeRS (LaTE-MoVeRS)
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/153/92
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the Late-Type Extension to the Motion Verified Red Stars (LaTE-MoVeRS) catalog, containing 46,463 photometric late-type (>M5) dwarfs within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) footprint. Proper motions were computed for objects combining astrometry from the SDSS Data Release 12 (DR12), the Two-micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) Point Source Catalog, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) AllWISE data sets. LaTE-MoVeRS objects were required to have significant proper motion . Using the LaTE-MoVeRS sample and Gaia Data Release 1, we estimate Gaia will be ~64% complete for very low-mass objects (>M5) in comparison to the combined SDSS+2MASS+WISE data set (i<21.3). We computed photometric distances and estimated stellar effective temperatures for the LaTE-MoVeRS catalog. The majority of the dwarfs in the sample have distances <150pc and T<3000K. Thirteen objects that have not been previously identified as nearby eff objects were identified within LaTE-MoVeRS with estimated photometric distances within 25pc. We also identified one new object that has not been previously identified with a large amount of excess mid-infrared flux (2MASS J11151597+1937266). This object appears to be an L2{gamma} at ~50pc showing spectroscopic signs of a flaring event (e.g., strong hydrogen Balmer emission lines). This object does not exhibit kinematics similar to any known kinematic association. The LaTE-MoVeRS catalog is available through SDSS CasJobs and VizieR.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/40
- Title:
- Late-type targets in Taurus, Cha I, and Upper Sco
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/788/40
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used WFPC2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain images of 47 members of the Taurus and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions that have spectral types of M6-L0 (M~0.01-0.1 M_{sun}_). An additional late-type member of Taurus, FU Tau (M7.25+M9.25), was also observed with adaptive optics at Keck Observatory. In these images, we have identified promising candidate companions to 2MASS J04414489+2301513 ({rho}=0.105"/15 AU), 2MASS J04221332+1934392 ({rho}=0.05"/7 AU), and ISO 217 ({rho}=0.03"/5 AU). We reported the first candidate in a previous study, showing that it has a similar proper motion as the primary in images from WFPC2 and Gemini adaptive optics. We have collected an additional epoch of data with Gemini that further supports that result. By combining our survey with previous high-resolution imaging in Taurus, Chamaeleon I, and Upper Sco ({tau}~10 Myr), we measure binary fractions of 14/93=0.15_-0.03_^+0.05^ for M4-M6 (M~0.1-0.3 M_{sun}_) and 4/108=0.04_-0.01_^+0.03^ for >M6 (M<~0.1 M_{sun}_) at separations of >10 AU. Given the youth and low density of these regions, the lower binary fraction at later types is probably primordial rather than due to dynamical interactions among association members. The widest low-mass binaries (>100 AU) also appear to be more common in Taurus and Chamaeleon I than in the field, which suggests that the widest low-mass binaries are disrupted by dynamical interactions at >10 Myr, or that field brown dwarfs have been born predominantly in denser clusters where wide systems are disrupted or inhibited from forming.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/153/208
- Title:
- LCES HIRES/Keck radial velocity Exoplanet Survey
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/153/208
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe a 20 year survey carried out by the Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey Team (LCES), using precision radial velocities from HIRES on the Keck I telescope to find and characterize extrasolar planetary systems orbiting nearby F, G, K, and M dwarf stars. We provide here 60949 precision radial velocities for 1624 stars contained in that survey. We tabulate a list of 357 significant periodic signals that are of constant period and phase, and not coincident in period and/or phase with stellar activity indices. These signals are thus strongly suggestive of barycentric reflex motion of the star induced by one or more candidate exoplanets in Keplerian motion about the host star. Of these signals, 225 have already been published as planet claims, 60 are classified as significant unpublished planet candidates that await photometric follow-up to rule out activity-related causes, and 54 are also unpublished, but are classified as "significant" signals that require confirmation by additional data before rising to classification as planet candidates. Of particular interest is our detection of a candidate planet with Msin(i)=3.8M_{Earth}_, and P=9.9 days orbiting Lalande 21185, the fourth-closest main-sequence star to the Sun. For each of our exoplanetary candidate signals, we provide the period and semi-amplitude of the Keplerian orbital fit, and a likelihood ratio estimate of its statistical significance. We also tabulate 18 Keplerian-like signals that we classify as likely arising from stellar activity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASP/117/676
- Title:
- LHS faint proper-motion stars
- Short Name:
- J/PASP/117/676
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present low-resolution spectroscopic observations of faint proper-motion stars from the LHS Catalogue, concentrating on stars with m_r_>16.5 and {mu}>0.5"/yr. The present paper includes observations and spectral classifications for 294 M dwarfs, M subdwarfs (sdM), and extreme M subdwarfs (esdM). We also identify white dwarfs among the faintest LHS stars. We have cross-referenced this sample against the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) sources, and list data for the detected objects. We discuss stars of individual interest, as well as the characteristics of the overall sample. As expected, a significant number of the stars in this proper-motion-selected sample are halo subdwarfs, including an esdM dwarf, LHS 3481, that is likely to lie within 20pc of the Sun. None of the subdwarfs show H{alpha} emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/545/A85
- Title:
- LHS1070 photometry and spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/545/A85
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- LHS 1070 is a nearby multiple system of low mass stars. It is an important source of information for probing the low mass end of the main sequence, down to the hydrogen-burning limit. The primary of the system is a mid-M dwarf and two components are late-M to early L dwarfs, at the star-brown dwarf transition. Hence LHS 1070 is a valuable object to understand the onset of dust formation in cool stellar atmospheres. This work aims at determining the fundamental stellar parameters of LHS 1070 and to test recent model atmospheres: BT-Dusty, BT-Settl, DRIFT, and MARCS models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/105/2299
- Title:
- Li abundance of solar-type stars. II.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/105/2299
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We draw upon a recent study of the membership of the Ursa Major Group (UMaG) to examine lithium among 0.3 Gyr old solar-type stars. For most G and K dwarfs, Li confirms the conclusions about membership in UMaG reached on the basis of kinematics and chromospheric activity. G and K dwarfs in UMaG have less Li than comparable stars in the Pleiades. This indicates that G and K dwarfs undergo Li depletion while they are on the main sequence, in addition to any pre-main-sequence depletion they may have experienced. Moreover, the Li abundances of the Pleiades K dwarfs cannot be attributed to main-sequence depletion alone, demonstrating that pre-main-sequence depletion of Li also takes place. The Sun's Li abundance implies that the main-sequence mechanism becomes less effective with age, otherwise the Sun would have even less Li than it does. The hottest stars in the UMaG (T(eff) >~ 6800K) have Li abundances like those of hot stars in the Pleiades and Hyades and in T Tauris, and the two genuine UMaG members with temperatures near Boesgaard's Li chasm have Li abundances consistent with that chasm developing fully by 0.3 Gyr for stars with UMaG's metallicity ([Fe/H] = -0.08 +/- 0.09). We see differences in the abundance of Li between UMaG members of the same spectral types, indicating that a real spread in the lithium abundance exists within this group.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/409/251
- Title:
- Li abundances and velocities in F and G stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/409/251
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Lithium abundances have been determined in 127 F and G Pop I stars based on new measurements of the equivalent width of the {lambda}6707{AA} Li I line from their high resolution CCD spectra. Distances and absolute magnitudes of these stars have been obtained from the Hipparcos Catalogue (<I/239>) and their masses and ages derived, enabling us to investigate the behaviour of lithium as a function of these parameters. Based on their location on the HR diagram superposed on theoretical evolutionary tracks, the sample of the stars has been chosen to ensure that they have more or less completed their Li depletion on the main sequence.
