- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/234/21
- Title:
- hCOSMOS: Hectospec survey of galaxies in COSMOS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/234/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe the hCOSMOS redshift survey of the COSMOS field conducted with the Hectospec spectrograph on the MMT. In the central 1deg^2^, the hCOS20.6 subset of the survey is >90% complete to a limiting magnitude r=20.6. The hCOSMOS survey includes 1701 new redshifts in the COSMOS field. We also use the total of 4362 new and remeasured objects to derive the age-sensitive D_n_4000 index over the entire redshift interval 0.001<~z<~0.6. For 85% of the quiescent galaxies in hCOS20.6, we measure the central line-of-sight velocity dispersion. To explore potential uses of this survey, we combine previously measured galaxy sizes, profiles, and stellar masses with the spectroscopy. The comparison reveals the known relations among structural, kinematic, and stellar population properties. We also compare redshift and D_n_4000 distributions of hCOS20.6 galaxies with SHELS; a complete spectroscopic survey of 4deg^2^ observed to the same depth. The redshift distributions in the two fields are very different, but the D_n_4000 distribution is remarkably similar. The relation between velocity dispersion and stellar mass for massive hCOS20.6 galaxies is consistent with the local relation from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using measured velocity dispersions, we test a photometric proxy calibrated to galaxies in the local universe. The systematic differences between the measured and photometric proxy velocity dispersions are correlated with galaxy dynamical and stellar population properties highlighting the importance of direct spectroscopic measurements.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/885/74
- Title:
- 1340 Helium rich white dwarfs in the Gaia era
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/885/74
- Date:
- 09 Mar 2022 22:00:00
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of 1023 DBZ/DZ(A) and 319 DQ white dwarf stars taken from the Montreal White Dwarf Database. This represents a significant increase over the previous comprehensive studies on these types of objects. We use new trigonometric parallax measurements from the Gaia second data release, together with photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Pan-STARRS, Gaia, or BVRI from the literature, which allow the determination of the mass for the majority of the objects in our sample. We use the photometric and spectroscopic techniques with our recently improved model atmospheres code, which include high-density effects, to accurately determine the effective temperature, surface gravity, and heavy-element abundances for each object. We study the abundance of hydrogen in DBZ/DZ white dwarfs and the properties of the accreted planetesimals. We explore the nature of the second sequence of DQ stars using proper motions from Gaia and highlight evidence of crystallization in massive DQ stars. We also present mass distributions for both spectral types. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings in the context of the spectral evolution of white dwarfs and provide the atmospheric parameters for each star.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/841/116
- Title:
- Herschel spectra of 11 very low mass stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/841/116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The properties of disks around brown dwarfs and very low mass stars (hereafter VLMOs) provide important boundary conditions on the process of planet formation and inform us about the numbers and masses of planets than can form in this regime. We use the Herschel Space Observatory PACS spectrometer to measure the continuum and [OI]63{mu}m line emission toward 11 VLMOs with known disks in the Taurus and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions. We fit radiative transfer models to the spectral energy distributions of these sources. Additionally, we carry out a grid of radiative transfer models run in a regime that connects the luminosity of our sources with brighter T Tauri stars. We find that VLMO disks with sizes 1.3-78au, smaller than typical T Tauri disks, fit well the spectral energy distributions assuming that disk geometry and dust properties are stellar mass independent. Reducing the disk size increases the disk temperature, and we show that VLMOs do not follow previously derived disk temperature-stellar luminosity relationships if the disk outer radius scales with stellar mass. Only 2 out of 11 sources are detected in [OI] despite a better sensitivity than was achieved for T Tauri stars, suggesting that VLMO disks are underluminous. Using thermochemical models, we show that smaller disks can lead to the unexpected [OI]63{mu}m nondetections in our sample. The disk outer radius is an important factor in determining the gas and dust observables.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/886/100
- Title:
- High-mass white dwarfs in Gaia DR2
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/886/100
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Revealed by Gaia DR2, the Q branch is a narrow and prominent branch of white dwarf overdensity on the H-R diagram. We find that there are significantly more fast-moving white dwarfs on the Q branch, which have very old true ages but young photometric ages. This age discrepancy suggests a cooling anomaly in some white dwarfs on the Q branch, posing a challenge to current white dwarf cooling models. We tabulate the information of nearby high-mass white dwarfs (d<250, 1.08<m_WD<1.23), which is used to investigate the Q branch and its physical origin in Cheng et al. (2019). This table contains the WD name, photometry and astrometry from Gaia DR2, H-R diagram coordinates and transverse velocity that we derive, and spectral information from Montreal White Dwarf Database (MWDD).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/561/A7
- Title:
- High-precision abundances for stars with planets
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/561/A7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Elemental abundance studies of solar twin stars suggest that the solar chemical composition contains signatures of the formation of terrestrial planets in the solar system, namely small but significant depletions of the refractory elements. To test this hypothesis, we study stars which, compared to solar twins, have less massive convective envelopes (therefore increasing the amplitude of the predicted effect) or are, arguably, more likely to host planets (thus increasing the frequency of signature detections). We measure relative atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances of a late-F type dwarf sample (52 stars) and a sample of metal-rich solar analogs (59 stars). We detect refractory-element depletions with amplitudes up to about 0.15dex. The distribution of depletion amplitudes for stars known to host gas giant planets is not different from that of the rest of stars. The maximum amplitude of depletion increases with effective temperature from 5650K to 5950K, while it appears to be constant for warmer stars (up to 6300K). The depletions observed in solar twin stars have a maximum amplitude that is very similar to that seen here for both of our samples. Gas giant planet formation alone cannot explain the observed distributions of refractory-element depletions, leaving the formation of rocky material as a more likely explanation of our observations. More rocky material is necessary to explain the data of solar twins than metal-rich stars, and less for warm stars. However, the sizes of the stars' convective envelopes at the time of planet formation could be regulating these amplitudes. Our results could be explained if disk lifetimes were shorter in more massive stars, as independent observations indeed seem to suggest.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/877/104
- Title:
- High-res. spectroscopy of LAMOST Li-rich giants
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/877/104
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The discovery of Li-rich giants has introduced a new challenge for standard stellar evolution models. To resolve this issue, the number of this type of object has been rapidly increased through the development of worldwide surveys. Taking advantage of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope survey, 44 new Li-rich giants are reported, which are confirmed with high-resolution observations. Based on the high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra, we derived the atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances with the spectral synthesis method. We performed a detailed analysis of their evolutionary stages, infrared excess, projected rotational velocity (vsini), and stellar population. We find that (1) the Li-rich giants concentrate at the evolutionary status of the red giant branch bump, red clump, and asymptotic giant branch; (2) three of them are fast rotators and none exhibit infrared excess. Our results imply that the origins of Li enrichment are most likely to be associated with the extra mixing in the stellar interior, and the external sources might only make a minor contribution. Moreover, various Li-rich episodes take place at different evolutionary stages.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/197
- Title:
- HIRES radial velocities of HD9446, HD43691 & HD179079
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/159/197
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Transit Ephemeris Refinement and Monitoring Survey is a project that aims to detect transits of intermediate-long period planets by refining orbital parameters of the known radial velocity planets using additional data from ground-based telescopes, calculating a revised transit ephemeris for the planet, then monitoring the planet host star during the predicted transit window. Here we present the results from three systems that had high probabilities of transiting planets: HD9446b and c, HD43691b, and HD179079b. We provide new radial velocity (RV) measurements that are then used to improve the orbital solution for the known planets. We search the RV data for indications of additional planets in orbit and find that HD9446 shows a strong linear trend of 4.8{sigma}. Using the newly refined planet orbital solutions, which include a new best-fit solution for the orbital period of HD9446c, and an improved transit ephemerides, we found no evidence of transiting planets in the photometry for each system. Transits of HD9446b can be ruled out completely and transits HD9446c and HD43691b can be ruled out for impact parameters up to b=0.5778 and b=0.898, respectively, due to gaps in the photometry. A transit of HD179079b cannot be ruled out, however, due to the relatively small size of this planet compared to the large star and thus low signal to noise. We determine properties of the three host stars through spectroscopic analysis and find through photometric analysis that HD9446 exhibits periodic variability.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/785/126
- Title:
- HIRES radial velocity measurements
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/785/126
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper we search for distant massive companions to known transiting gas giant planets that may have influenced the dynamical evolution of these systems. We present new radial velocity observations for a sample of 51 planets obtained using the Keck HIRES instrument, and find statistically significant accelerations in fifteen systems. Six of these systems have no previously reported accelerations in the published literature: HAT-P-10, HAT-P-22, HAT-P-29, HAT-P-32, WASP-10, and XO-2. We combine our radial velocity fits with Keck NIRC2 adaptive optics (AO) imaging data to place constraints on the allowed masses and orbital periods of the companions responsible for the detected accelerations. The estimated masses of the companions range between 1-500 M_Jup_, with orbital semi-major axes typically between 1-75 AU. A significant majority of the companions detected by our survey are constrained to have minimum masses comparable to or larger than those of the transiting planets in these systems, making them candidates for influencing the orbital evolution of the inner gas giant. We estimate a total occurrence rate of 51%+/-10% for companions with masses between 1-13 M_Jup_ and orbital semi-major axes between 1-20 AU in our sample. We find no statistically significant difference between the frequency of companions to transiting planets with misaligned or eccentric orbits and those with well-aligned, circular orbits. We combine our expanded sample of radial velocity measurements with constraints from transit and secondary eclipse observations to provide improved measurements of the physical and orbital characteristics of all of the planets included in our survey.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/501/563
- Title:
- HKs photometry in the Arches cluster
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/501/563
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The massive Arches cluster near the Galactic center should be an ideal laboratory for investigating massive star formation under extreme conditions. But it comes at a high price: the cluster is hidden behind several tens of magnitudes of visual extinction. Severe crowding requires space or AO-assisted instruments to resolve the stellar populations, and even with the best instruments interpreting the data is far from direct. Several investigations using NICMOS and the most advanced AO imagers on the ground revealed an overall top-heavy IMF for the cluster, with a very flat IMF near the center. There are several effects, however, that could potentially bias these results, in particular the strong differential extinction and the problem of transforming the observations into a standard photometric system in the presence of strong reddening. We present new observations obtained with the NAOS-Conica (NACO) AO-imager on the VLT. The problem of photometric transformation is avoided by working in the natural photometric system of NACO, and we use a Bayesian approach to determine masses and reddenings from the broad-band IR colors. A global value of Gamma=-1.1+/-0.2 for the high-mass end (M>10M_{sun}_) of the IMF is obtained, and we conclude that a power law of Salpeter slope cannot be discarded for the Arches cluster. The flattening of the IMF towards the center is confirmed, but is less severe than previously thought. We find Gamma=-0.88+/-0.20, which is incompatible with previous determinations. Within 0.4pc we derive a total mass of ~2.0(+/-0.6)x10^4^M_{sun}_ for the cluster and a central mass density rho=2(+/-0.4)x10^5^M_{sun}_/pc^3^ that confirms Arches as the densest known young massive cluster in the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A182
- Title:
- Homogeneous study of Herbig Ae/Be stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A182
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBes) have so far been studied based on relatively small samples that are scattered throughout the sky. Their fundamental stellar and circumstellar parameters and statistical properties were derived with heterogeneous approaches before Gaia. Our main goal is to contribute to the study of HAeBes from the largest sample of such sources to date, for which stellar and circumstellar properties have been determined homogeneously from the analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and Gaia EDR3 parallaxes and photometry. Multiwavelength photometry was compiled for 209 bona fide HAeBes for which Gaia EDR3 distances were estimated. Using the Virtual Observatory SED Analyser (VOSA), photospheric models were fit to the optical SEDs to derive stellar parameters, and the excesses at infrared (IR) and longer wavelengths were characterized to derive several circumstellar properties. A statistical analysis was carried out to show the potential use of such a large dataset. The stellar temperature, luminosity, radius, mass, and age were derived for each star based on optical photometry. In addition, their IR SEDs were classified according to two different schemes, and their mass accretion rates, disk masses, and the sizes of the inner dust holes were also estimated uniformly. The initial mass function fits the stellar mass distribution of the sample within 2<M_star_/M_{sun}_<12. In this aspect, the sample is therefore representative of the HAeBe regime and can be used for statistical purposes when it is taken into account that the boundaries are not well probed. Our statistical study does not reveal any connection between the SED shape from the Meeus et al., 2001A&A...365..476M classification and the presence of transitional disks, which are identified here based on the SEDs that show an IR excess starting at the K band or longer wavelengths. In contrast, only ~28% of the HAeBes have transitional disks, and the related dust disk holes are more frequent in HBes than in HAes (~34% vs 15%). The relatively small inner disk holes and old stellar ages estimated for most transitional HAes indicate that photoevaporation cannot be the main mechanism driving disk dissipation in these sources. In contrast, the inner disk holes and ages of most transitional HBes are consistent with the photoevaporation scenario, although these results alone do not unambiguously discard other disk dissipation mechanisms. The complete dataset is available online through a Virtual Observatory- compliant archive, representing the most recent reference for statistical studies on the HAeBe regime. VOSA is a complementary tool for the future characterization of newly identified HAeBes.
