- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/608/A98
- Title:
- APEX spectra of Centaurus A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/608/A98
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is one of the best targets to study AGN feedback in the local Universe. At 13.5kpc from the galaxy, optical filaments with recent star formation lie along the radio jet direction. This region is a testbed for positive feedback, here through jet-induced star formation. Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) observations have revealed strong CO emission in star-forming regions and in regions with no detected tracers of star formation activity. In cases where star formation is observed, this activity appears to be inefficient compared to the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to map the 12CO(1-0) emission all along the filaments of NGC 5128 at a resolution of 1.3"~23.8pc. We find that the CO emission is clumpy and is distributed in two main structures: (i) the Horseshoe complex, located outside the HI cloud, where gas is mostly excited by shocks and where no star formation is observed, and (ii) the Vertical filament, located at the edge of the HI shell, which is a region of moderate star formation. We identified 140 molecular clouds using a clustering method applied to the CO data cube. A statistical study reveals that these clouds have very similar physical properties, such as size, velocity dispersion, and mass, as in the inner Milky Way. However, the range of radius available with the present ALMA observations does not enable us to investigate whether or not the clouds follow the Larson relation. The large virial parameter {alpha}_vir_ of the clouds suggests that gravity is not dominant and clouds are not gravitationally unstable. Finally, the total energy injection in the northern filaments of Centaurus A is of the same order as in the inner part of the Milky Way. The strong CO emission detected in the northern filaments is an indication that the energy injected by the jet acts positively in the formation of dense molecular gas. The relatively high virial parameter of the molecular clouds suggests that the injected kinetic energy is too strong for star formation to be efficient. This is particularly the case in the Horseshoe complex, where the virial parameter is the largest and where strong CO is detected with no associated star formation. This is the first evidence of AGN positive feedback in the sense of forming molecular gas through shocks, associated with low star formation efficiency due to turbulence injection by the interaction with the radio jet.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/627/A6
- Title:
- APEX spectra of Centaurus A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/627/A6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is one of the best targets to study AGN-feedback in the local Universe. Optical filaments located at 16 kpc from the galaxy along the radio jet direction show recent star formation, likely triggered by the interaction of the jet with an HI shell. A large reservoir of molecular gas has been discovered outside the HI. In this reservoir, lies the Horseshoe complex: a filamentary structure seen in CO with ALMA and in Halpha with MUSE. The ionised gas is mostly excited by shocks, with only a minor contribution of star formation. We used the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) to observe the ^12^CO(3-2) and ^12^CO(4-3) transitions, as well as dense gas tracers in the Horseshoe complex. ^12^CO(3-2) and ^12^CO(4-3) are detected for the first time in the northern filaments of Centaurus A, with integrated intensity line ratios R32~0.2 and R43~0.1, compared to the ^12^CO(1-0) emission. We also derived a line ratio R21~0.6, based on the previous ^12^CO(2-1) observations of Salome et al. (2016, Cat. J/A+A/595/A65). We used the non-LTE radiative transfer code RADEX and determined that the molecular gas in this region has a temperature of 55-70K and densities between 2-6x10^2^cm^-3^. Such densities are also in agreement with results from the Paris-Durham shock code that predicts a post-shock density of a few 100cm^-3^. However, we need more observations of emission lines at a better angular resolution in order to place tighter constraints on our radiative models, whether they are used as a stand-alone tool (LVG codes) or combined with a shock model.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/595/A65
- Title:
- APEX spectra of Centaurus A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/595/A65
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is one of the best example to study AGN-feedback in the local Universe. At 13.5kpc from the galaxy, optical filaments with recent star formation are lying along the radio-jet direction. We used the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) to map the CO(2-1) emission all along the filaments structure. Molecular gas mass of 8.2x10^7M_{sun}_ was found over the 4.2kpc-structure which represents about 3% of the total gas mass of the NGC 5128 cold gas content. Two dusty mostly molecular structures are identified, following the optical filaments. The region corresponds to the crossing of the radio jet with the northern HI shell, coming from a past galaxy merger. One filament is located at the border of the HI shell, while the other is entirely molecular, and devoid of HI gas. The molecular mass is comparable to the HI mass in the shell, suggesting a scenario where the atomic gas was shocked and transformed in molecular clouds by the radio jet. Comparison with combined FIR Herschel and UV GALEX estimation of star formation rates in the same regions leads to depletion times of more than 10 Gyr. The filaments are thus less efficient than discs in converting molecular gas into stars. Kinetic energy injection triggered by shocks all along the jet/gas interface is a possible process that appears to be consistent with MUSE line ratio diagnostics derived in a smaller region of the northern filaments. Whether the AGN is the sole origin of this energy input and what is the dominant (mechanical vs radiative) mode for this process is however still to be investigated.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/130/177
- Title:
- Arecibo Dual-Beam Survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/130/177
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Arecibo Dual-Beam Survey is a "blind" 21 cm search for galaxies covering ~430deg^2^ of sky. We present the data from the detection survey as well as from the follow-up observations to confirm detections and improve positions and flux measurements. We find 265 galaxies, many of which are extremely low surface brightness. Some of these previously uncatalogued galaxies lie within the zone of avoidance, where they are obscured by the gas and dust in our Galaxy. Eighty-one of these sources are not previously catalogued optically, and there are 11 galaxies that have no associated optical counterpart or are only tentatively associated with faint wisps of nebulosity on the Digitized Sky Survey images. We discuss the properties of the survey, and in particular we make direct determinations of the completeness and reliability of the sample. The behavior of the completeness and its dependencies is essential for determining the H I mass function. We leave the discussion of the mass function for a later paper, but do note that we find many low surface brightness galaxies and seven sources with M_HI_<10^8^M_{sun}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/183/214
- Title:
- Arecibo Legacy Fast Alfa Survey (ALFALFA) VIII.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/183/214
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a fourth catalog of HI sources from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) Survey. We report 541 detections over 136deg^2^, within the region of the sky having 22h<RA<03h and 24<DE<26{deg}. This complements a previous catalog in the region 26<DE<28{deg}. We present here the detections falling into three classes: (1) extragalactic sources with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)>6.5, where the reliability of the catalog is better than 95%; (2) extragalactic sources 5.0<S/N<6.5 and a previously measured optical redshift that corroborates our detection; or (3) High Velocity Clouds (HVCs), or subcomponents of such clouds, in the periphery of the Milky Way. Of the 541 objects presented here, 90 are associated with HVCs, while the remaining 451 are identified as extragalactic objects. Optical counterparts have been matched with all but one of the extragalactic objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/133/2569
- Title:
- Arecibo legacy fast ALFA survey III.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/133/2569
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first installment of HI sources extracted from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) extragalactic survey, initiated in 2005. Sources have been extracted from three-dimensional spectral data cubes exploiting a matched filtering technique and then examined interactively to yield global HI parameters. A total of 730 HI detections are cataloged within the solid angle 11h44<RA(J2000.0)<14h00 and +12{deg}<DE(J2000.0)<+16{deg} and redshift range -1600km/s<cz<18000km/s. In comparison, the HI Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS, Meyer et al. 2004, Cat. VIII/73) detected 40 HI signals in the same region. Optical counterparts are assigned via examination of digital optical imaging databases.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/138/338
- Title:
- Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey. IX.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/138/338
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the catalog of HI sources extracted from the ongoing Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) extragalactic HI line survey, found within the sky region bounded by 9:36<RA<11:36 and +08<DE<+12. The HI catalog presented here for this 118deg^2^ region is combined with the ones derived from surrounding regions also covered by the ALFALFA survey to examine the large-scale structure in the complex Leo region. Because of the combination of wide sky coverage and superior sensitivity, spatial and spectral resolution, the ALFALFA HI catalog of the Leo region improves significantly on the numbers of low HI mass sources as compared with those found in previous HI surveys.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/135/588
- Title:
- Arecibo legacy fast ALFA survey V.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/135/588
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a second catalog of HI sources detected in the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey. We report 488 detections over 135deg^2^, within the region of the sky having 22<RA<03 and +26<DE<+28. We present here the detections that have either (a) S/N>6.5, where the reliability of the catalog is better than 95% or (b) 5.0<S/N<6.5 and a previously measured redshift that corroborates our detection. Of the 488 objects presented here, 49 are high-velocity clouds or clumps thereof with negative heliocentric recession velocities. These clouds are mostly very compact and isolated, while some of them are associated with large features such as Wright's Cloud or the northern extension of the Magellanic Stream. The remaining 439 candidate detections are identified as extragalactic objects and have all been matched with optical counterparts. Five of the six galaxies detected with M_HI_<10^7.5^ solMass are satellites of either the NGC672/IC1727 nearby galaxy pair or their neighboring dwarf irregular galaxy NGC784. The data of this catalog release include a slice through the Pisces-Perseus foreground void, a large nearby underdensity of galaxies. We report no detections within the void, where our catalog is complete for systems with HI masses of 10^8^M_{sun}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/136/713
- Title:
- Arecibo legacy fast ALFA survey. VI.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/136/713
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the third installment of HI sources extracted from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA extragalactic survey. This data set continues the work of the Virgo ALFALFA catalog. The catalogs and spectra published here consist of data obtained during the 2005 and 2006 observing sessions of the survey. The catalog consists of 578 HI detections within the range 11h36m<RA(J2000)<13h52m and +08{deg}<DE(J2000)<+12{deg}, and cz_{sun}_<18000km/s. The catalog entries are matched with optical counterparts where possible through the examination of digitized optical images. The catalog detections can be classified into three categories: (a) detections of high reliability with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)>6.5; (b) high-velocity clouds in the Milky Way or its periphery; and (c) signals of lower S/N which coincide spatially with an optical object and known redshift. 75% of the sources are newly published HI detections. Of particular note is a complex of HI clouds projected between M87 and M49 that do not coincide with any optical counterparts. Candidate objects without optical counterparts are few. Position corrections for telescope pointing errors are applied to the data set by comparing the ALFALFA continuum centroid with those cataloged in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS, Cat. VIII/65). The uncorrected positional accuracy averages 27"(21" median) for all sources with S/N>6.5 and is of order ~21"(16" median) for signals with S/N>12. Uncertainties in distances toward the Virgo cluster can affect the calculated HI mass distribution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/799/10
- Title:
- Arp 220 6 and 33GHz images
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/799/10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present new Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio continuum images of the nuclei of Arp 220, the nearest ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. These new images have both the angular resolution to study the detailed morphologies of the two nuclei that power the galaxy merger and sensitivity to a wide range of spatial scales. At 33GHz, we achieve a resolution of 0.081"x0.063" (29.9x23.3pc) and resolve the radio emission surrounding both nuclei. We conclude from the decomposition of the radio spectral energy distribution that a majority of the 33GHz emission is synchrotron radiation. The spatial distributions of radio emission in both nuclei are well described by exponential profiles. These have deconvolved half-light radii (R_50d_) of 51 and 35pc for the eastern and western nuclei, respectively, and they match the number density profile of radio supernovae observed with very long baseline interferometry. This similarity might be due to the fast cooling of cosmic rays electrons caused by the presence of a strong (~mG) magnetic field in this system. We estimate extremely high molecular gas surface densities of 2.2_-1.0_^+2.1^x10^5^M_{sun}_/pc^2^ (east) and 4.5_-1.9_^+4.5^x10^5^M_{sun}_/pc^2^ (west), corresponding to total hydrogen column densities of N_H_=2.7_-1.2_^+2.7^x10^25^cm^-2^ (east) and 5.6_-2.4_^+5.5^x10^25^cm^-2^ (west). The implied gas volume densities are similarly high, n_H2_~3.8_-1.6_^+3.8^x10^4^cm^-3^ (east) and ~11_-4.5_^+12^x10^4^cm^-3^ (west). We also estimate very high luminosity surface densities of {Sigma}_IR_~4.2_-0.7_^+1.6^x10^13^L_{sun}_/kpc^2^ (east) and {Sigma}_IR_ ~ 9.7_-2.4_^+3.7^x10^13^_L_{sun}/kpc^2^ (west), and star formation rate surface densities of {Sigma}_SFR_~10^3.7+/-0.1^M_{sun}_/yr/kpc^2^ (east) and {Sigma}_SFR_~10^4.1+/-0.1^M_{sun}_/yr/kpc^2^ (west). These values, especially for the western nucleus are, to our knowledge, the highest luminosity surface densities and star formation rate surface densities measured for any star-forming system. Despite these high values, the nuclei appear to lie below the dusty Eddington limit in which radiation pressure is balanced only by self-gravity. The small measured sizes also imply that at wavelengths shorter than {lambda}=1mm, dust absorption effects must play an important role in the observed light distribution while below 5GHz free-free absorption contributes substantial opacity. According to these calculations, the nuclei of Arp 220 are only transparent in the frequency range ~5-350GHz. Our results offer no clear evidence that an active galactic nucleus dominates the emission from either nucleus at 33GHz.
