- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/581/A30
- Title:
- Herschel maps of {rho} Oph
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/581/A30
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Observations of nearby star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory complement our view of the protoplanetary disks in Ophiuchus with information about the outer disks. The main goal of this project is to provide new far-infrared fluxes for the known disks in the core region of Ophiuchus and to identify potential transitional disks using data from Herschel. We obtained PACS and SPIRE photometry of previously spectroscopically confirmed young stellar objects (YSO) in the region and analysed their spectral energy distributions.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/652/A82
- Title:
- HH83 outflow spectrally select. structures pm
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/652/A82
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We continue our program of investigation of the proper motions of spectrally separated structures in the Herbig-Haro outflows with the aid of Fabry-Perot scanning interferometry. This work mainly focuses on the physical nature of various structures in the jets. The aim of the present study is to measure the proper motions of the previously discovered kinematically separated structures in the working surface of the HH 83 collimated outflow. We used observations from two epochs separated by 15 years, which were performed on the 6m telescope with Fabry-Perot scanning interferometer. We obtained images corresponding to different radial velocities for the two separate epochs, and used them to measure proper motions. In the course of our data analysis, we discovered a counter bow-shock of HH 83 flow with positive radial velocity, which makes this flow a relatively symmetric bipolar system. The second epoch observations confirm that the working surface of the flow is split into two structures with an exceptionally large (250km/s) difference in radial velocity. The proper motions of these structures are almost equal, which suggests that they are physically connected. The asymmetry of the bow shock and the turning of proper motion vectors suggests a collision between the outflow and a dense cloud. The profile of the H{alpha} line for the directly invisible infrared source HH 83 IRS, obtained by integration of the data within the reflection nebula, suggests it to be of P Cyg type with a broad absorption component characteristic of the FU Ori-like objects. If this object underwent an FU Ori type outburst, which created the HH 83 working surfaces, its eruption took place about 1500 years ago according to the kinematical age of the outflow.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/125/277
- Title:
- High proper motions in central Orion nebula
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/125/277
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The brightest portion of the Orion Nebula has been reimaged with the Hubble Space Telescope in H{alpha}, [N II], and [O III]. Comparison with earlier Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images going back as much as 8yr has allowed determination of tangential velocities (proper motions) down to about 10km/s for a variety of sources. Multiple outflow systems are found associated with individual proplyds in the ionized portion of the nebula (HH 518, HH 624, possibly HH 507). The Orion-S complex of radio and infrared sources is the source of multiple outflows. A new outflow system (HH 625) has been identified as coming from the blueshifted portion of the imbedded high velocity CO flow coming from the Orion-S region, this object having CO, H2, and low ionization optical components. The low velocity CO outflow originating from or near FIR 4 is the likely source of HH 530. A new imbedded source is inferred from this optical data to lie in Orion-S. This optical outflow source (OOS) clearly feeds the systems HH 269 and HH 529, which lie along a straight line. There is evidence that this is also the source for HH 528, HH 202, and HH 203/204, all of which are blueshifted (except possibly HH 528 whose radial velocity is unknown). There is no strong radio, infrared, or X-ray source within the positional ellipse of the OOS.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/485/155
- Title:
- HK photometry of rho Oph PMS stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/485/155
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Variability is a common characteristic of pre-main-sequence stars (PMS). Near-IR variability surveys of young stellar objects (YSOs) can probe stellar and circumstellar environments and provide information about the dynamics of the ongoing magnetic and accretion processes. Furthermore, variability can be used as a tool to uncover new cluster members in star formation regions. We hope to achieve the deepest near-IR variability study of YSOs targeting the rho Ophiuchi cluster. Fourteen epochs of observations were obtained with the Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) at the UKIRT telescope scheduled in a manner that allowed the study of variability on timescales of days, months, and years. Statistical tools, such as the multi-band cross correlation index and the reduced chi-square, were used to disentangle signals of variability from noise. Variability characteristics are compared to existing models of YSOs in order to relate them to physical processes, and then used to select new candidate members of this star-forming region. Variability in the near-IR is found to be present in 41% of the known population of rho Ophiuchi recovered in our sample. The behaviours shown are several and can be associated with the existence of spots on the stellar surface, variations in circumstellar extinction, or changes in the geometry of an accretion disc. Using variability, a new population of objects has been uncovered, that is believed to be part of the rho Ophiuchi cluster.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/644/A120
- Title:
- HL TAU and IRAS04302+2247 H2CS ALMA images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/644/A120
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Planet formation starts around Sun-like protostars with ages <=1Myr, but the chemical compositions of the surrounding discs remains unknown. We aim to trace the radial and vertical spatial distribution of a key species of S-bearing chemistry, namely H_2_CS, in protoplanetary discs. We also aim to analyse the observed distributions in light of the H_2_CS binding energy in order to discuss the role of thermal desorption in enriching the gas disc component. In the context of the ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in the Taurus star forming region (ALMA-DOT), we observed five Class I or early Class II sources with the o-H_2_CS(7_1,6_-6_1,5_) line. ALMA-Band 6 was used, reaching spatial resolutions ~=40au, that is, Solar System spatial scales. We also estimated the binding energy of H2CS using quantum mechanical calculations, for the first time, for an extended, periodic, crystalline ice. We imaged H2CS emission in two rotating molecular rings in the HL Tau and IRAS04302+2247 discs, the outer radii of which are ~140au (HL Tau) and 115 au (IRAS 04302+2247). The edge-on geometry of IRAS 04302+2247 allows us to reveal that H2CS emission peaks at radii of 60-115au, at z=+/-50au from the equatorial plane. Assuming LTE conditions, the column densities are 10^14^cm^-2^. We estimate upper limits of a few 10^13^cm^-2^ for the H2CS column densities in DG Tau, DG Tau B, and Haro 6-13 discs. For HL Tau, we derive, for the first time, the [H_2_CS]/[H] abundance in a protoplanetary disc (~10^-14^). The binding energy of H2CS computed for extended crystalline ice and amorphous ices is 4258K and 3000-4600K, respectively, implying thermal evaporation where dust temperatures are 50-80K. H_2_CS traces the so-called warm molecular layer, a region previously sampled using CS and H_2_CO. Thioformaldehyde peaks closer to the protostar than H_2_CO and CS, plausibly because of the relatively high excitation level of the observed 7_1,6_-6_1,5_ line (60K). The H_2_CS binding energy implies that thermal desorption dominates in thin, au-sized, inner and/or upper disc layers, indicating that the observed H2CS emitting up to radii larger than 100au is likely injected in the gas phase due to non-thermal processes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A104
- Title:
- HL Tau SO2 14(0-14)-13(1,13) datacube
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A104
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Planet-forming disks are not isolated systems. Their interaction with the surrounding medium affects their mass budget and chemical content. In the context of the ALMA-DOT program, we obtained high-resolution maps of assorted lines from six disks that are still partly embedded in their natal envelope. In this work, we examine the SO and SO_2_ emission that is detected from four sources: DG Tau, HL Tau, IRAS 04302+2247, and T Tau. The comparison with CO, HCO^+^, and CS maps reveals that the SO and SO_2_ emission originates at the intersection between extended streamers and the planet-forming disk. Two targets, DG Tau and HL Tau, offers clear cases of inflowing material inducing an accretion shock on the disk material. The measured rotational temperatures and radial velocities are consistent with this view. In contrast to younger Class 0 sources, these shocks are confined to the specific disk region impacted by the streamer. In HL Tau, the known accreting streamer induces a shock in the disk outskirt, and the released SO and SO_2_ molecules spiral toward the star in a few hundreds years. These results suggest that shocks induced by late accreting material may be common in the disks of young star-forming regions with possible consequences on the chemical composition and mass content of the disk. They also highlight the importance of SO and SO_2_ line observations to probe accretion shocks from a larger sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A182
- Title:
- Homogeneous study of Herbig Ae/Be stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A182
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBes) have so far been studied based on relatively small samples that are scattered throughout the sky. Their fundamental stellar and circumstellar parameters and statistical properties were derived with heterogeneous approaches before Gaia. Our main goal is to contribute to the study of HAeBes from the largest sample of such sources to date, for which stellar and circumstellar properties have been determined homogeneously from the analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and Gaia EDR3 parallaxes and photometry. Multiwavelength photometry was compiled for 209 bona fide HAeBes for which Gaia EDR3 distances were estimated. Using the Virtual Observatory SED Analyser (VOSA), photospheric models were fit to the optical SEDs to derive stellar parameters, and the excesses at infrared (IR) and longer wavelengths were characterized to derive several circumstellar properties. A statistical analysis was carried out to show the potential use of such a large dataset. The stellar temperature, luminosity, radius, mass, and age were derived for each star based on optical photometry. In addition, their IR SEDs were classified according to two different schemes, and their mass accretion rates, disk masses, and the sizes of the inner dust holes were also estimated uniformly. The initial mass function fits the stellar mass distribution of the sample within 2<M_star_/M_{sun}_<12. In this aspect, the sample is therefore representative of the HAeBe regime and can be used for statistical purposes when it is taken into account that the boundaries are not well probed. Our statistical study does not reveal any connection between the SED shape from the Meeus et al., 2001A&A...365..476M classification and the presence of transitional disks, which are identified here based on the SEDs that show an IR excess starting at the K band or longer wavelengths. In contrast, only ~28% of the HAeBes have transitional disks, and the related dust disk holes are more frequent in HBes than in HAes (~34% vs 15%). The relatively small inner disk holes and old stellar ages estimated for most transitional HAes indicate that photoevaporation cannot be the main mechanism driving disk dissipation in these sources. In contrast, the inner disk holes and ages of most transitional HBes are consistent with the photoevaporation scenario, although these results alone do not unambiguously discard other disk dissipation mechanisms. The complete dataset is available online through a Virtual Observatory- compliant archive, representing the most recent reference for statistical studies on the HAeBe regime. VOSA is a complementary tool for the future characterization of newly identified HAeBes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/355/651
- Title:
- HRI observations of PMS stars in NGC 2264
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/355/651
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze six ROSAT HRI observations pointed toward the Star Forming Region (SFR) NGC 2264. Three are pointed to the southern star formation core, the other three about 20' to the north. We detect 169 X-ray sources, ~95% of which are likely to be Pre Main Sequence (PMS) stars, significantly enlarging the known population of the SFR in the area covered by the observations. Using published BVRI photometry we place the X-ray sources with well defined optical counterparts on the HRI diagram and estimate their masses and ages. Our comparison of the mass function and age distribution of the X-ray sources with results previously obtained for NGC 2264, demonstrates that deep X-ray observations provide, at least in this case, a very efficient method of selecting SFR members and does not introduce stronger biases than other methods.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/534/A10
- Title:
- HST/NICMOS III imaging in Orion Nebula Cluster
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/534/A10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present deep HST/NICMOS Camera 3 F110W and F160W imaging of a 26'x33', corresponding to 3.1x3.8pc^2^, non-contiguous field towards the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The main aim is to determine the ratio of low-mass stars to brown dwarfs for the cluster as a function of radius out to a radial distance of 1.5pc. The sensitivity of the data outside the nebulous central region is F160W<=21.0mag, significantly deeper than previous studies of the region over a comparable area. We create an extinction limited sample and determine the ratio of low-mass stars (0.08-1M_{sun}_) to brown dwarfs (0.02-0.08M_{sun}_ and 0.03-0.08M_{sun}_) for the cluster as a whole and for several annuli. The ratio found for the cluster within a radius of 1.5pc is R_02_=N(0.08-1M_{sun}_)/N(0.02-0.08M_{sun}_)=1.7+/-0.2, and R_03_=N(0.08-1M_{sun}_)/N(0.03-0.08M_{sun}_)=2.4+/-0.2, after correcting for field stars. The ratio for the central 0.3x0.3pc^2^ region down to 0.03M_{sun}_ was previously found to be R_03_=3.3^+0.8^_-0.7_, suggesting the low-mass content of the cluster is mass segregated. We discuss the implications of a gradient in the ratio of stars to brown dwarfs in the ONC in the context of previous measurements of the cluster and for other nearby star forming regions. We further discuss the current evidence for variations in the low-mass IMF and primordial mass segregation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/672/914
- Title:
- HST photometry in NGC 346
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/672/914
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the third part of our photometric study of the star-forming region NGC 346/N66 and its surrounding field in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), we focus on the large number of low-mass pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars revealed by the Hubble Space Telescope observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys. We investigate the origin of the observed broadening of the PMS population in the V-I,V color-magnitude diagram. The most likely explanations are either the presence of differential reddening or an age spread among the young stars.
