- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/III/85
- Title:
- Sixth Catalogue of Galactic Wolf-Rayet Stars
- Short Name:
- III/85
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This dataset consists of three files which reproduce data from three tables in the reference. The first file is a catalog of 159 Population I Galactic Wolf-Rayet Stars. The catalog includes a cross index between a running entry number, the best known or earliest catalog reference, HD, BD/CPD, CD, and LS. Each star also has a equatorial (1950.0) and galactic positions, precession to 2000.0, spectral type, binary information (if it applies), narrow-band v and b photometry, and reference codes for each of the previous data. The second file is a catalog of 45 Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae of Type [WR], [WR-Of], [O VI], [WC 10] and [WC 11]. The catalog contains a running entry number and identifications for the planetary nebula in which the star is located. Each star also has a equatorial (1950.0) and galactic positions, spectral type, visual magnitude, reference codes for each of the previous data, and an index for additional references which are in the third file.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/311/741
- Title:
- SMC emission-line objects
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/311/741
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- H{alpha} and [OIII] narrow-band, wide-field (7x7deg^2^), CCD images of the Small Magellanic Cloud were compared, and a catalogue of candidate planetary nebulae and H{alpha} emission-line stars was compiled. The catalogue contains 131 planetary nebulae candidates, 23 of which are already known to be or are probable planetary nebulae or very low excitation objects. Also, 218 emission-line candidates have been identified, with 113 already known. Our catalogue therefore provides a useful supplement to those of Meyssonnier & Azzopardi (1993, Cat. <J/A+AS/102/451>) and Sanduleak, MacConnell & Davis Phillip (1978PASP...90..621S). Further observations are required to confirm the identity of the unknown objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASP/120/380
- Title:
- Spatial orientation of planetary nebulae
- Short Name:
- J/PASP/120/380
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze the spatial orientation of a homogeneous sample of 440 elongated Planetary Nebulae (PNe) in order to determine the orientation of their apparent major axis with respect to the Milky Way plane. We present some important geometrical and statistical considerations that have been overlooked by previous works on the subject. The global distribution of galactic position angles (GPA) of PNe is quantitatively not very different from a random distribution of orientations in the Galaxy. Nevertheless, we find that there is at least one region on the sky, toward the Galactic center, where a weak correlation may exist between the orientation of the major axis of some PNe and the Galactic equator, with an excess of axes with GPA~100{deg}. Therefore, we confirm that extrinsic phenomena (i.e., global Galactic magnetic fields, shell compression from motion relative to the Interstellar Medium) do not determine the morphology of PNe on most of the sky, with a possible exception toward the Galactic center.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/771/114
- Title:
- Spectral analysis of 100 evolved PNe from SPM
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/771/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have selected a group of 100 evolved planetary nebulae (PNe) and study their kinematics based upon spatially-resolved, long-slit, echelle spectroscopy. The data have been drawn from the San Pedro Martir Kinematic Catalogue of PNe (SPM Catalogue). The aim is to characterize in detail the global kinematics of PNe at advanced stages of evolution with the largest sample of homogenous data used to date for this purpose. The results reveal two groups that share kinematics, morphology, and photo-ionization characteristics of the nebular shell and central star luminosities at the different late stages under study. The typical flow velocities we measure are usually larger than seen in earlier evolutionary stages, with the largest velocities occurring in objects with very weak or absent [NII]{lambda}6584 line emission, by all indications the least evolved objects in our sample. The most evolved objects expand more slowly. This apparent deceleration during the final stage of PNe evolution is predicted by hydrodynamical models, but other explanations are also possible. These results provide a template for comparison with the predictions of theoretical models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/642/A71
- Title:
- Spectra of 14 Magellanic Cloud planetary nebulae
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/642/A71
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We obtained new spectra of fourteen Magellanic Cloud planetary nebulae with the South African Large Telescope to determine heating rates of their central stars and to verify evolutionary models of post asymptotic giant branch stars. We compared new spectra with observations made in previous years. Five planetary nebulae showed an increase of the excitation with time. Four of their central stars exhibit [WC] features in their spectra, including three new detections. This raises the total number of [WC] central stars of PNe in the Magellanic Clouds to ten. We compared determined heating rates of the four [WC] central stars with the He burning post asymptotic giant branch evolutionary tracks and the remaining star with the H-burning tracks. Determined heating rates are consistent with the evolutionary models for both H and He-burning post asymptotic giant branch stars. The central stars of the PNe which show the fastest increase of excitation are also the most luminous in the sample. This indicates that [WC] central stars in the Magellanic Clouds evolve faster than H-burning central stars and originate from more massive progenitors.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/614/A135
- Title:
- Spectra of 78 PN central stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/614/A135
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- There are more than 3000 known Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe), but only 492 central stars of Galactic planetary nebulae (CSPN) have known spectral types. It is vital to increase this number in order to have reliable statistics, which will lead to an increase of our understanding of these amazing objects. We aim to contribute to the knowledge of central stars of planetary nebulae and stellar evolution. This observational study is based on Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS) and with the Intermediate Dispersion Spectrograph (IDS) at the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) spectra of 78 CSPN. The objects were selected because they did not have any previous classification, or the present classification is ambiguous. These new high quality spectra allowed us to identify the key stellar lines for determining spectral classification in the Morgan-Keenan (MK) system. We have acquired optical spectra of a large sample of CSPN. From the observed targets, 50 are classified here for the first time while for 28 the existing classifications have been improved. In seven objects we have identified a P-Cygni profile at the HeI lines. Six of these CSPN are late O-type. The vast majority of the stars in the sample exhibit an absorption-type spectrum, and in one case we have found wide emission lines typical of [WR] stars. We give a complementary, and preliminary, classification criterion to obtain the sub-type of the O(H)-type CSPN. Finally, we give a more realistic value of the proportion of CSPN that are rich or poor in hydrogen.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/561/A119
- Title:
- Spectra of stars and planetary nebulae
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/561/A119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Fundamental parameters characterizing the end-state of intermediate-mass stars may be constrained by discovering planetary nebulae (PNe) in open clusters (OCs). Cluster membership may be exploited to establish the distance, luminosity, age, and physical size for PNe, and the intrinsic luminosity and mass of its central star. Four potential PN-OC associations were investigated to assess the cluster membership for the PNe. Radial velocities were measured from intermediate-resolution optical spectra, complemented with previous estimates in the literature.When the radial velocity study supported the PN/OC association, we analyzed whether other parameters (e.g., age, distance, reddening, central star brightness) were consistent with this conclusion.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/573/A65
- Title:
- Spectra of young planetary nebulae
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/573/A65
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The evolution of central stars of planetary nebulae was so far documented in just a few cases. However, spectra collected a few decades ago may provide a good reference for studying the evolution of central stars using the emission line fluxes of their nebulae. We investigated evolutionary changes of the [OIII] 5007{AA} line flux in the spectra of planetary nebulae. We compared nebular fluxes collected during a decade or longer. We used literature data and newly obtained spectra. A grid of Cloudy models was computed using existing evolutionary models, and the models were compared with the observations. An increase of the [OIII] 5007{AA} line flux is frequently observed in young planetary nebulae hosting H-rich central stars. The increasing nebular excitation is the response to the increasing temperature and hardening radiation of the central stars. We did not observe any changes in the nebular fluxes in the planetary nebulae hosting late-type Wolf-Rayet (WR) central stars. This may indicate a slower temperature evolution (which may stem from a different evolutionary status) of late-[WR] stars. In young planetary nebulae with H-rich central stars, the evolution can be followed using optical spectra collected during a decade or longer. The observed evolution of H-rich central stars is consistent with the predictions of the evolutionary models provided in the literature. Late-[WR] stars possibly follow a different evolutionary path.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/769/10
- Title:
- Spectroscopy of M31 globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/769/10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the results of an [OIII]{lambda}5007 spectroscopic survey for planetary nebulae (PNe) located within the star clusters of M31. By examining R~5000 spectra taken with the WIYN+Hydra spectrograph, we identify 3 PN candidates in a sample of 274 likely globular clusters, 2 candidates in objects which may be globular clusters, and 5 candidates in a set of 85 younger systems. The possible PNe are all faint, between ~2.5 and ~6.8mag down the PN luminosity function, and, partly as a consequence of our selection criteria, have high excitation, with [OIII]{lambda}5007 to H{beta} ratios ranging from 2 to >~12. We discuss the individual candidates, their likelihood of cluster membership, and the possibility that they were formed via binary interactions within the clusters. Our data are consistent with the suggestion that PN formation within globular clusters correlates with binary encounter frequency, though, due to the small numbers and large uncertainties in the candidate list, this study does not provide sufficient evidence to confirm the hypothesis.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/574/A109
- Title:
- Spectroscopy of Planetary Nebulae in NGC 5128
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/574/A109
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Planetary nebulae (PNe) are excellent tracers of the common low mass stars through their strong and narrow emission lines. The velocities of large numbers of PNe are excellent tracers of galaxy kinematics. NGC 5128, the nearest large early-type galaxy offers the possibility to gather a large PN sample. Imaging and spectroscopic observations of PNe in NGC 5128 were obtained to find PNe and measure their velocities. Combined with literature data, a large sample of high quality kinematic probes is assembled for dynamical studies in NGC 5128. NTT Imaging was obtained in 15 fields in NGC 5128 over 1 degree with EMMI and [OIII] and off-band filters. Newly detected emission sources, combined with literature PN, were used as input for FLAMES multi-fibre spectroscopy in MEDUSA mode. Spectra of the 4600-5100{AA} region were analysed and velocities were measured based on [OIII]4959,5007{AA} and often H{beta}. The chief results are catalogues of 1118 PN candidates and 1267 spectroscopically confirmed PNe in NGC 5128. The catalogue of PN candidates contains 1060 potential PNe discovered with NTT EMMI imaging and 58 from literature surveys. The spectroscopically confirmed PN catalogue has FLAMES radial velocity and emission line measurements for 1135 PNe, of which 486 are newly confirmed here. An additional 132 PN radial velocities are available from the literature. For 629 PNe observed with FLAMES, H-beta was measured in addition to the [OIII] emission lines. Nine targets show double-lined or more complex profiles (19 components in total), and their possible origin is discussed. FLAMES spectra of 48 globular clusters were also targetted, and 11 had emission lines detected (two with multiple components), but only 3 are PNe likely to belong to the host globular. Conclusions. The total of 1267 confirmed PNe in NGC 5128 with radial velocity measurements, of which 1135 have small velocity errors, is the largest such collection of individual kinematic probes in an early-type galaxy. This PN dataset, as well as the catalogue of 1118 PN candidates, are valuable resources for detailed investigation of the kinematics and stellar population of NGC 5128.
