- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/440/2265
- Title:
- Spectroscopy of NGC3310 HII regions
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/440/2265
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Numerical simulations of minor mergers predict little enhancement in the global star formation activity. However, it is still unclear the impact they have on the chemical state of the whole galaxy and on the mass build-up in the galaxy bulge and disc. We present a two-dimensional analysis of NCG 3310, currently undergoing an intense starburst likely caused by a recent minor interaction, using data from the PPAK Integral Field Spectroscopy Nearby Galaxies Survey (PINGS). With data from a large sample of about a hundred HII regions identified throughout the disc and spiral arms, we derive, using strong-line metallicity indicators and direct derivations, a rather flat gaseous abundance gradient. Thus, metal mixing processes occurred, as in observed galaxy interactions. Spectra from PINGS data and additional multiwavelength imaging were used to perform a spectral energy distribution fitting to the stellar emission and a photoionization modelling of the nebulae. The ionizing stellar population is characterized by single populations with a narrow age range (2.5-5Myr) and a broad range of masses (10^4^-6x10^6^M_{sun}_). The effect of dust grains in the nebulae is important, indicating that 25-70% of the ultraviolet photons can be absorbed by dust. The ionizing stellar population within the Hii regions represents typically a few per cent of the total stellar mass. This ratio, a proxy to the specific star formation rate, presents a flat or negative radial gradient. Therefore, minor interactions may indeed play an important role in the mass build-up of the bulge.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/569/A125
- Title:
- Spiral structure of the Milky Way
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/569/A125
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have updated the catalogs of Galactic HII regions, giant molecular clouds (GMCs), and 6.7-GHz methanol masers to outline the spiral structure of our Galaxy. The related parameters have been collected and (re)calculated based on the data in the literature. In particular, for each spiral tracer, we list the photometric or trigonometric distance, and/or the solutions of the kinematic distance ambiguity (KDA) when available. The kinematic distances when adopted are calculated using a flat rotation curve with two sets of R_0_, {Theta}_0_, and solar motions, where one set is the IAU standard and the other is from the new observational results. The rotation curve of Brand & Blitz (1993, Cat. J/A+A/275/67) is also used to derive the kinematic distances.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/685/1005
- Title:
- Spitzer and high-mass star forming regions
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/685/1005
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC and MIPS observations toward a sample of nine high-mass star forming regions at a distance of around 2kpc. Based on IRAC and MIPS 24um photometric results and 2MASS JHKs data, we carry out a census of young stellar objects (YSOs) in a 5'x5' field toward each region. Toward seven out of the nine regions, we detect parsec-sized clusters with around 20 YSOs surrounded by a more extended and sparse distribution of young stars and protostars. For the other two regions, IRAS 20126+4104 and IRAS 22172+5549, the former has the lowest number of YSOs in the sample and shows no obvious cluster, and the latter appears to be part of a larger, potentially more evolved cluster.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/438/426
- Title:
- Spitzer interstellar bubbles
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/438/426
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The expansion of interstellar bubbles is suggested to be an important mechanism of triggering material accumulation and star formation. In this work, we investigate the gaseous environment of a large sample of interstellar bubbles identified by the Spitzer space telescope, aiming to explore the possible evidence of triggered gas accumulation and star formation in a statistical sense. By cross-matching 6124 Spitzer interstellar bubbles from the Milky Way Project (MWP) and more than 2500 Galactic HII regions collected by us, we obtain the velocity information for 818 MWP bubbles. To study the gaseous environment of the interstellar bubbles and get rid of the projection effect as much as possible, we constrain the velocity difference between the bubbles and the ^13^CO(1-0) emission extracted from the Galactic Ring Survey (GRS). Three methods: the mean azimuthally averaged radial profile of ^13^CO emission, the surface number density of molecular clumps and the angular cross-correlation function of MWP bubbles and the GRS molecular clumps are adopted. Significant over density of molecular gas is found to be close to the bubble rims. 60 percent of the studied bubbles were found to have associated molecular clumps. By comparing the clump-associated and the clump-unassociated MWP interstellar bubbles, we reveal that the bubbles in associations tend to be larger and thicker in physical sizes. From the different properties shown by the bubble-associated and bubble-unassociated clumps, we speculate that some of the bubble-associated clumps result from the expansion of bubbles. The fraction of the molecular clumps associated with the MWP bubbles is estimated to be about 20 percent after considering the projection effect. For the bubble-clump complexes, we found that the bubbles in the complexes with associated massive young stellar object(s) (MYSO(s)) have larger physical sizes, hence the complexes tend to be older. We propose that an evolutionary sequence might exist between the relatively younger MYSO-unassociated bubble-clump complexes and the MYSO-associated complexes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/503/107
- Title:
- Spitzer/IRAC view of Sh2-284
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/503/107
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using Spitzer/IRAC observations of a region to be observed by the CoRoT satellite, we have unraveled a new complex star-forming region at low metallicity in the outer Galaxy. We perform a study of S284 in order to outline the chain of events in this star-forming region.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/682/445
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of S254-S258
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/682/445
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Spitzer IRAC, NOAO 2.1m Flamingos, Keck NIRC, and FCRAO SEQUOIA observations of the massive star-forming complex S254-S258, covering an area of 25'x20'. Using a combination of the IRAC and NIR data, we identify and classify the young stellar objects (YSOs) in the complex. We detect 510 sources with near- or mid-IR excess, and we classify 87 Class I and 165 Class II sources. The YSOs are found in clusters surrounded by isolated YSOs in a low-density distributed population. The ratio of clustered to total YSOs is 0.8. We identify six new clusters in the complex. One of them, G192.63-00, is located around the ionizing star of the HII region S255. We hypothesize that the ionizing star of S255 was formed in this cluster. We also detect a southern component of the cluster in HII region S256. The cluster G192.54-0.15, located inside HII region S254 has a V_LSR_ of 17km/s with respect to the main cloud, and we conclude that it is located in the background of the complex. The structure of the molecular cloud is examined using ^12^CO, and ^13^CO, as well as a near-IR extinction map. The main body of the molecular cloud has V_LSR_ between 5 and 9km/s. The arc-shaped structure of the molecular cloud following the border of the HII regions and the high column density in the border of the HII regions support the idea that the material has been swept up by the expansion of the HII regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/643/965
- Title:
- Spitzer photometry of the Trifid nebula (M20)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/643/965
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Spitzer IRAC and MIPS images of the Trifid Nebula (M20) reveal its spectacular appearance in infrared light, highlighting the nebula's special evolutionary stage. The images feature recently formed massive protostars and numerous young stellar objects, and a single O star that illuminates the surrounding molecular cloud from which it formed, and unveil large-scale, filamentary dark clouds. Multiple protostars are detected in the infrared, within the cold dust cores of TC3 and TC4, which were previously defined as Class 0. The cold dust continuum cores of TC1 and TC2 contain only one protostar each. The Spitzer color-color diagram allowed us to identify 160 young stellar objects (YSOs) and classify them into different evolutionary stages. The diagram also revealed a unique group of YSOs that are bright at 24um but have the spectral energy distribution peaking at 58um.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/138/1037
- Title:
- Star formation in Centaurus A Group dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/138/1037
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present H{alpha} narrow-band imaging of 17 dwarf irregular (dI) galaxies in the nearby Centaurus A Group. Although all large galaxies of the group are or recently have been through a period of enhanced star formation, the dIs have normal star formation rates (SFRs) and do not contain a larger fraction of dwarf starbursts than other nearby groups such as the Sculptor Group or the Local Group. Most of the galaxies in the group now have fairly accurately known distances, which enables us to obtain relative distances between dIs and larger galaxies of the group. We find four transition dwarfs in the Group, dwarfs that show characteristics of both dE/dSphs and dIs, and which contain cold gas but no current star formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/174/337
- Title:
- Star formation in nuclear rings
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/174/337
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results from a photometric H{alpha} survey of 22 nuclear rings, aiming to provide insight into their star formation properties, including age distribution, dynamical timescales, star formation rates, and galactic bar influence. We find a clear relationship between the position angles and ellipticities of the rings and those of their host galaxies, which indicates the rings are in the same plane as the disk and circular. We use population synthesis models to estimate ages of each H{alpha}-emitting (HII) region, which range from 1 to 10Myr throughout the rings. We find that approximately half of the rings contain azimuthal age gradients that encompass at least 25% of the ring, although there is no apparent relationship between the presence or absence of age gradients and the morphology of the rings or their host galaxies. NGC 1343, NGC 1530, and NGC 4321 show clear bipolar age gradients, where the youngest HII regions are located near the two contact points of the bar and ring. We speculate in these cases that the gradients are related to an increased mass inflow rate and/or an overall higher gas density in the ring, which would allow for massive star formation to occur on short timescales, after which the galactic rotation would transport the HII regions around the ring as they age. Two-thirds of the barred galaxies show correlation between the locations of the youngest HII region(s) in the ring and the location of the contact points, which is consistent with predictions from numerical modeling.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/688/1142
- Title:
- Star formation in W5: Spitzer observations
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/688/1142
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present images and initial results from our extensive Spitzer Space Telescope imaging survey of the W5 HII region with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). We detect dense clusters of stars, centered on the O stars HD 18326, BD +60 586, HD 17505, and HD 17520. At 24um, substantial extended emission is visible, presumably from heated dust grains that survive in the strongly ionizing environment of the HII region. With photometry of more than 18000 point sources, we analyze the clustering properties of objects classified as young stars by their IR spectral energy distributions (a total of 2064 sources) across the region using a minimal-spanning-tree algorithm. We find ~40%-70% of infrared excess sources belong to clusters with >=10 members. We find that within the evacuated cavities of the HII regions that make up W5, the ratio of Class II to Class I sources is ~7 times higher than for objects coincident with molecular gas as traced by ^12^CO emission and near-IR extinction maps. We attribute this contrast to an age difference between the two locations and postulate that at least two distinct generations of star formation are visible across W5. Our preliminary analysis shows that triggering is a plausible mechanism to explain the multiple generations of star formation in W5 and merits further investigation.
