- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/569/A36
- Title:
- G53.541-0.011 ^12^CO and ^13^CO data cubes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/569/A36
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To investigate how a large-scale infrared bubble centered at l=53.9{deg} and b=0.2{deg} forms, and to study if star formation is taking place at the periphery of the bubble, we performed a multiwavelength study. Using the data from the Galactic Ring Survey (GRS) and Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE), we performed a study of a large-scale infrared bubble with a size of about 16pc at a distance of 2.0kpc. We present the ^12^CO J=1-0, ^13^CO J=1-0, and C^18^O J=1-0 observations of HII region G53.54-0.01 (Sh2-82) obtained at the Purple Mountain Observation (PMO) 13.7m radio telescope to investigate the detailed distribution of associated molecular material. In addition, we also used radiorecombination line and VLA data. To select young stellar objects (YSOs) consistent with this region, we used the GLIMPSE I catalog.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/595/A88
- Title:
- G345.45+1.50 ^13^CO(3-2) clumps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/595/A88
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Ring-like structures in the interstellar medium (ISM) are commonly associated with high-mass stars. Kinematic studies of large structures in giant molecular clouds (GMCs) toward these ring-like structures may help us to understand how massive stars form. The origin and properties of the ring-like structure G345.45+1.50 is investigated through observations of the ^13^CO(3-2) line. The aim of the observations is to determine the kinematics in the region and to compare physical characteristics estimated from gas emission with those previously determined using dust continuum emission. This area in the sky is well suited for studies like this because the ring is located 1.5{deg} above the Galactic plane at 1.8kpc from the Sun, thus molecular structures are rarely superposed on our line of sight, which minimizes confusion effects that might hinder identifying of individual molecular condensations. The ^13^CO(3-2) line was mapped toward the whole ring using the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) telescope. The observations cover 17'x20' in the sky with a spatial resolution of 0.2pc and an rms of ~1K at a spectral resolution of 0.1km/s. The ring is found to be expanding with a velocity of 1.0km/s, containing a total mass of 6.9x10^3^M_{sun}_, which agrees well with that determined using 1.2mm dust continuum emission. An expansion timescale of ~3x10^6^yr and a total energy of ~7x10^46^erg are estimated. The origin of the ring might have been a supernova explosion, since a 35.5cm source, J165920-400424, is located at the center of the ring without an infrared counterpart. The ring is fragmented, and 104 clumps were identified with diameters of between 0.3 and 1.6pc, masses of between 2.3 and 7.5x10^2^M_{sun}_, and densities of between ~10^2^ and ~10^4^cm^-3^. At least 18% of the clumps are forming stars, as is shown in infrared images. Assuming that the clumps can be modeled as Bonnor-Ebert spheres, 13 clumps are collapsing, and the rest of them are in hydrostatic equilibrium with an external pressure with a median value of 4x10^4^K/cm^3^. In the region, the molecular outflow IRAS 16562-3959 is identified, with a velocity range of 38.4km/s, total mass of 13M_{sun}_, and kinematic energy of 7x10^45^erg. Finally, five filamentary structures were found at the edge of the ring with an average size of 3pc, a width of 0.6pc, a mass of 2x10^2^M_{sun}_, and a column density of 6x10^21^cm^-2^.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/656/A101
- Title:
- G305 Giant Molecular Cloud II. Clump properties
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/656/A101
- Date:
- 21 Mar 2022 07:03:46
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- G305 star-forming complex was observed in the 3-2 lines of 12 & 13CO to investigate the effect of feedback from the central OB stars on the complex. The region was decomposed into clumps using dendrogram analysis. A catalog of clump properties was created. The surface mass densities of the clumps were plotted as a function of the incident 8um flux. A mask of the region with 8um flux >100MJy/sr was created and clumps were categorized based on the extent of overlap with the mask into "mostly inside", "partly inside" & "outside". The surface mass density distribution of each of these populations were plotted. This was followed by comparing G305 clumps with the Galactic average taken from the ATLASGAL and CHIMPS clumps. Finally, the cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the clump masses in G305 & their L/M ratios were compared to that of the Galactic sample. The surface mass densities of clumps showed a positive correlation with incident 8um flux. The data did not have sufficient velocity resolution to discern the effects of feedback on the linewidths of the clumps. The sub-sample of clumps named "mostly inside" had the highest surface mass densities followed by "partly -inside" and "outside" sub-samples. These differences between the three sub-samples were shown to be statistically significant using the KS test. The "mostly inside" sample also showed the highest level of fragmentation compared to the other two. These prove that clumps inside the G305 region are triggered. The G305 clump population is also statistically different from the Galactic average population rejecting redistribution as a likely consequence of feedback. The CDFs of clump masses and their L/M ratios are both flatter than the Galactic average, indicating that feedback in G305 has triggered star formation. The collect & collapse method is the dominant mechanism at play in G305.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/149/343
- Title:
- Giant molecular clouds in M33
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/149/343
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first interferometric ^12^CO (J=1->0) map of the entire H{alpha} disk of M33. The 13" diameter synthesized beam corresponds to a linear resolution of 50pc, sufficient to distinguish individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs). From these data we generated a catalog of 148 GMCs with an expectation that no more than 15 of the sources are spurious. The catalog is complete down to GMC masses of 1.5x10^5^M_{sun}_ and contains a total mass of 2.3x10^7^M_{sun}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/573/A111
- Title:
- Group-dominant elliptical galaxies CO spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/573/A111
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present IRAM 30m telescope observations of the CO(1-0) and (2-1) lines in a sample of 11 group-dominant elliptical galaxies selected from the CLoGS nearby groups sample. Our observations confirm the presence of molecular gas in 4 of the 11 galaxies at >4{sigma} significance, and combining these with data from the literature we find a detection rate of 43+/-14%, significantly higher than for the wider population of elliptical galaxies, and comparable to the detection rate for nearby radio galaxies. Those group-dominant galaxies which are detected typically contain ~2x10^8^M_{sun}_ of molecular gas, and although most have low star formation rates (<1M_{sun}_/yr) they have short depletion times, indicating that the gas must be replenished on timescales 10^8^yr. Almost all of the galaxies contain active nuclei, and we note that while CO detections are more common in the most radio-loud galaxies, the mass of molecular gas required to power the active nuclei through accretion is small compared to the masses observed. We consider the possible origin mechanisms for the gas, through cooling of stellar ejecta within the galaxies, group-scale cooling flows, and gas-rich mergers, and find probable examples of each type within our sample, confirming that a variety of processes act to drive the build up of molecular gas in group-dominant ellipticals.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/608/A48
- Title:
- HAE229 CO (1-0) ATCA datacube
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/608/A48
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- It is not yet known if the properties of molecular gas in distant protocluster galaxies are significantly acted by their environment as galaxies are in local clusters. Through a deep, 64 hours of effective on-source integration with the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we discovered a massive, M_mol_=2.0+/-0.2x0^11^M_{sun}_, extended, ~40kpc, CO(1-0)-emitting disk in the protocluster surrounding the radio galaxy, MRC1138-262. The galaxy, at z_CO_=2.1478, is a clumpy, massive disk galaxy, M*~5x10^11^M_{sun}_, which lies 250kpc in projection from MRC1138-262 and is a known H{alpha} emitter, named HAE229. This source has a molecular gas fraction of ~30%. The CO emission has a kinematic gradient along its major axis, centered on the highest surface brightness rest-frame optical emission, consistent with HAE229 being a rotating disk. Surprisingly, a significant fraction of the CO emission lies outside of the UV/optical emission. In spite of this, HAE229 follows the same relation between star-formation rate and molecular gas mass as normal field galaxies. HAE229 is the first CO(1-0) detection of an ordinary, star-forming galaxy in a protocluster.We compare a sample of cluster members at z>0.4 that are detected in low-order CO transitions, with a similar sample of sources drawn from the field.We confirm findings that the CO-luminosity and full-width at half maximum (FWHM) are correlated in starbursts and show that this relation is valid for normal high-z galaxies as well as for those in overdensities. We do not find a clear dichotomy in the integrated Schmidt-Kennicutt relation for protocluster and field galaxies. Our results suggest that environment does not have an impact on the "star-formation electronic efficiency" or the molecular gas content of high-redshift galaxies. Not finding any environmental dependence in these characteristics, especially for such an extended CO disk, suggests that environmentally-specific processes such as ram pressure stripping do not operate electronic efficiently in (proto)clusters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/551/A28
- Title:
- H2CO and CO in 4 molecular clouds
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/551/A28
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We seek to understand how the 4.8GHz formaldehyde absorption line is distributed in the MON R2, S156, DR17/L906, and M17/M18 regions. More specifically, we look for the relationship among the H_2_CO, ^12^CO, and ^13^CO spectral lines. The four regions of MON R2 (60'x90'), S156 (50'x70'), DR17/L906 (40'x60'), and M17/M18 (70'x80') were observed for H_2_CO (beam 10'), H110{alpha} recombination (beam 10'), 6 cm continuum (beam 10'), ^12^CO (beam 1'), and ^13^CO (beam 1'). We compared the H_2_CO, ^12^CO, ^13^CO, and continuum distributions, and also the spectra line parameters of H_2_CO, ^12^CO, and ^13^CO. Column densities of H_2_CO, ^13^CO, and H_2_ were also estimated. We found out that the H_2_CO distribution is similar to the ^12^CO and the ^13^CO distributions on a large scale. The correlation between the ^13^CO and the H_2_CO distributions is better than between the ^12^CO and H_2_CO distributions. The H_2_CO and the ^13^CO tracers systematically provide consistent views of the dense regions. Their maps have similar shapes, sizes, peak positions, and molecular spectra and present similar central velocities and line widths. Such good agreement indicates that the H_2_CO and the ^13^CO arise from similar regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A59
- Title:
- HD 142527 disk 13CO and C18O images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A59
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Vortices are one of the most promising mechanisms to locally concentrate millimeter dust grains and allow the formation of planetesimals through gravitational collapse. The outer disk around the binary system HD 142527 is known for its large horseshoe structure with azimuthal contrasts of ~3-5 in the gas surface density and of ~50 in the dust. Using ^13^CO and C^18^O J=3-2 transition lines, we detect kinematic deviations to the Keplerian rotation, which are consistent with the presence of a large vortex around the dust crescent, as well as a few spirals in the outer regions of the disk. Comparisons with a vortex model suggest velocity deviations up to 350m/s after deprojection compared to the background Keplerian rotation, as well as an extension of +/-40au radially and ~200{deg} azimuthally, yielding an azimuthal-to-radial aspect ratio of ~5. Another alternative for explaining the vortex-like signal implies artificial velocity deviations generated by beam smearing in association with variations of the gas velocity due to gas pressure gradients at the inner and outer edges of the circumbinary disk. The two scenarios are currently difficult to differentiate and, for this purpose, would probably require the use of multiple lines at a higher spatial resolution. The beam smearing effect, due to the finite spatial resolution of the observations and gradients in the line emission, should be common in observations of protoplanetary disks and may lead to misinterpretations of the gas velocity, in particular around ring-like structures.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/867/167
- Title:
- High-mass outflows from the COHRS CO(3-2) survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/867/167
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- An unbiased search of molecular outflows within the region of the CO High Resolution survey has identified 157 high-mass outflows from a sample of 770 APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy clumps with a detection rate of 20%. The detection rate of outflows increases for clumps with higher M_clump_, L_bol_, L_bol_/M_clump_,N_H2_, and T_dust_ compared to the clumps with no outflow. The detection rates of the outflow increase from protostellar (8%) to young stellar object clump (17%) to massive star-forming clump (29%). The detection rate 26% for quiescent clump is preliminary, because the sample of quiescent clumps is small. A statistical relation between the outflow and clump masses for our sample is log(M_out_/M_{sun}_)=(-1.1+/-0.21)+(0.9+/-0.07)log(M_clump_/M_{sun}_). The detection rate of outflows and the outflow mass-loss rate show an increase with increasing M_clump_, L_bol_, N_H_2_, and T_dust_, which indicates that clumps with outflow with higher parameter values are at a more advanced evolutionary stage. The outflow mechanical force increases with increasing bolometric luminosities. No clear evidence has yet been found that higher-mass outflows have different launching conditions than low-mass outflows.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/63/821
- Title:
- Inner Galaxy Molecular clouds and cloud cores
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/63/821
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A compilation of CO emission regions and their measured parameters is presented which represents a nearly complete accounting of the molecular clouds in the first quadrant of the Galaxy. Emission regions associated with radio H II regions have systematically brighter CO peaks that are a factor of two to three times larger and have twice the mean velocity dispersion as the general cloud population. Both the H II region clouds and the hot core regions have a Galactic distribution characteristic of a spiral arm population, whereas the colder clouds are much less confined in Galactic azimuthal angle. Virial masses are obtained for the large sample of clouds with assigned kinematic distances. The mean H2 density for a GMC of diameter 40 pc is 180cm^-3^. For these clouds, a linear relationship is found between the H2 column density and the integrated CO emission. The variation in the Z-dispersion of clouds as a function of cloud mass suggests that more massive GMCs have smaller random velocities.
